Evaluation of airborne infection risk with spatial and temporal resolutions is indispensable for the design of proper interventions fighting infectious respiratory diseases (e.g., COVID-19), because the distribution of aerosol contagions is both spatially and temporally non-uniform. However, the well-recognized Wells-Riley model and modified Wells-Riley model (i.e., the rebreathed-fraction model) are limited to the well-mixed condition and unable to evaluate airborne infection risk spatially and temporally, which could result in overestimation or underestimation of airborne infection risk. This study proposes a dilution-based evaluation method for airborne infection risk. The method proposed is benchmarked by the Wells-Riley model and modified Wells-Riley model, which indicates that the method proposed is a thorough expansion of the Wells-Riley model for evaluation of airborne infection risk with both spatial and temporal resolutions. Experiments in a mock hospital ward also demonstrate that the method proposed effectively evaluates the airborne infection risk both spatially and temporally. The proposed method is convenient to implement for the development of healthy built environments.

使用空间和时间分辨率评估空气传播感染风险对于设计适当的抗击传染性呼吸道疾病（例如COVID-19）的干预措施是必不可少的，因为气溶胶传染的分布在空间和时间上都是不均匀的。然而，公认的 Wells-Riley 模型和修正的 Wells-Riley 模型（即, rebreathed-fraction model) 仅限于混合良好的条件，无法在空间和时间上评估空气传播感染风险，这可能导致高估或低估空气传播感染风险。本研究提出了一种基于稀释度的空气传播感染风险评估方法。所提出的方法以 Wells-Riley 模型和修正的 Wells-Riley 模型为基准，表明所提出的方法是 Wells-Riley 模型的彻底扩展，用于评估具有空间和时间分辨率的空气传播感染风险。在模拟医院病房中进行的实验还表明，所提出的方法在空间和时间上都有效地评估了空气传播的感染风险。所提出的方法便于实施，有助于健康建筑环境的发展。