Cotton (genus Gossypium) is an important agricultural crop around the world because of its fiber. Gossypium turneri Fryxell is a wild cotton species endemic to the state of Sonora (northwestern Mexico), whose status has been recently raised to endangered in the IUCN Red List. This species has invaluable characteristics that could be useful in the cultivated cotton gene pool. Despite its importance, G. turneri has been studied very little. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has characterized its seed morphology and cytogenetics. Therefore, in the present study the seed morphology and karyotype of G. turneri were analyzed. Seeds of G. turneri have nonuniform oval shape and brown-gray color. This species produces short fibers attached to its seed surface that are not long enough for commercial use. Our seed sizes were greater than those previously described for G. turneri and other diploid cottons. The length and width of seeds were 8.80 mm and 4.83 mm, respectively. Traits such as embryo and seed coat were measured and carefully observed, and gossypol glands were observed only in the embryo during the evaluation of internal features of seeds. Cytogenetic analysis revealed 26 chromosomes (2n = 2x = 26) in mitotic cells of G. turneri. The karyotype analysis showed mainly metacentric (m), submetacentric (sm) and subtelocentric (st) chromosomes. Our results reveal important biological traits of G. turneri that could be considered in future studies to improve cultivated cotton.

棉花（属棉花），因为它的纤维在世界各地的重要农作物。Gossypium turneri Fryxell是Sonora州（墨西哥西北部）的特有野生棉种，最近在IUCN红色名录中其地位被提升为濒危物种。该物种具有不可估量的特性，可用于栽培棉花基因库。尽管很重要，但对G. turneri的研究很少。据我们所知，以前没有研究对其种子的形态和细胞遗传学进行表征。因此，在本研究中，分析了G. turneri的种子形态和核型。G. turneri的种子具有不均匀的椭圆形和棕灰色。该物种产生的短纤维附着在其种子表面，长度不足以用于商业用途。我们的种子大小比先前描述的G. turneri和其他二倍体棉更大。种子的长度和宽度分别为8.80 mm和4.83 mm。测量并仔细观察了诸如胚胎和种皮的特征，并且在评估种子的内部特征期间仅在胚胎中观察到棉酚腺。细胞遗传学分析显示，G。turneri的有丝分裂细胞中有26条染色体（2n = 2x = 26）。核型分析显示主要是亚中心（m），亚中心（sm）和亚中心（st）染色体。我们的研究结果揭示了G. turneri的重要生物学特性 在未来的研究中可以考虑改善耕种棉花。