Abstract Geography educators have been, and continue to be, interested in spatial thinking, especially since they have been convinced of its importance in their students’ ability to learn and do geography. As they developed strategies to improve students’ spatial thinking, they searched for assessment instruments to evaluate their interventions’ effects. Because they and we found existing psychometric tests of spatial ability lacking, we developed the Spatial Thinking Ability Test. This article reviews 22 research studies that have used the test to assess spatial thinking. Both instructional strategies or methods and individuals’ characteristics that lead to, or are associated with, improved spatial thinking are identified. Suggestions for further research are offered.

中文翻译：

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什么可以改善空间思维？来自空间思维能力测试的证据

摘要 地理教育工作者一直并将继续对空间思维感兴趣，特别是因为他们确信空间思维对学生学习和做地理的能力的重要性。当他们制定提高学生空间思维的策略时，他们寻找评估工具来评估他们的干预措施的效果。因为他们和我们发现现有的空间能力心理测试缺乏，我们开发了空间思维能力测试。本文回顾了使用该测试评估空间思维的 22 项研究。导致或与改进空间思维相关的教学策略或方法和个人特征都被确定。提供了进一步研究的建议。