ABSTRACT Media managers and journalists have responded to digitalization over time by implementing online journalism and by converging and de-converging print and online newsrooms. Drawing on complexity and uncertainty theories, this article develops a cycle model, which furthers the understanding of why and how news organizations change. Qualitative and quantitative findings in two European legacy media companies indicate that managers are constantly striving to minimize their own complexity and uncertainty, which, in turn, drives change in news organizations through different stages that are characterized by economization and integration or investment and specialization. More specifically, under lower external and internal complexity and uncertainty, managers are pushing news organizations toward more economization and integration. However, they invest and specialize if either their external or their internal complexity and uncertainty increase. Moreover, the findings reveal the mechanism through which the internal complexity and uncertainty arise, and they show differences depending on the ownership structure of a news organization.

中文翻译：

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新闻机构的复杂性、不确定性和变化

摘要 随着时间的推移，媒体经理和记者通过实施在线新闻以及融合和分离印刷和在线新闻编辑室来应对数字化。本文借鉴复杂性和不确定性理论，开发了一个循环模型，进一步了解新闻机构为何以及如何变化。两家欧洲传统媒体公司的定性和定量调查结果表明，管理人员不断努力将自身的复杂性和不确定性降到最低，这反过来又推动新闻机构经历以经济化和整合或投资和专业化为特征的不同阶段的变革。更具体地说，在较低的外部和内部复杂性和不确定性下，管理人员正在推动新闻机构更加经济化和整合。然而，如果他们的外部或内部复杂性和不确定性增加，他们就会进行投资和专业化。此外，研究结果揭示了内部复杂性和不确定性产生的机制，它们根据新闻机构的所有权结构表现出差异。