ABSTRACT This paper addresses the persistent challenges in housing the urban poor in Bangladesh. In particular, it explores the empirical evidence on informal networks of the urban poor as they relate to service provision in low-income settlements of Khulna City. It also analyses the emerging forms of urban governance in low-income urban settlements. Specifically, it investigates the transformation process of project-assisted form of informal network of the urban poor. This paper argues that community-based organisations in poor settlements in Bangladesh represent informal networks of the urban poor. Whether these networks are being federated depends on their type or form, and this is often the outcome of project-led initiatives. The findings show that project based initiatives have failed to assist these networks with the appropriate rules and resources required for their effectiveness. Moreover, these efforts are taking place in a system that is attempting to establish enabling mechanisms under a system of neo-liberalism. Thus, it is necessary to explore the possible ways to bridge formal and informal processes through institutionalisation under a wider urban governance framework.

中文翻译：

---

在扶持模式下将城市贫困人口的非正式网络制度化：以孟加拉国库尔纳市格陵兰贫民窟为例

摘要本文解决了孟加拉国城市贫民住房方面的持续挑战。特别是，它探索了关于城市贫困人口非正式网络的经验证据，因为它们与库尔纳市低收入住区的服务提供有关。它还分析了低收入城市居民点中新兴的城市治理形式。具体而言，它研究了城市贫困人口非正式项目网络的项目辅助形式的转变过程。本文认为，孟加拉国贫困地区的社区组织代表了城市贫困人口的非正式网络。这些网络是否要联合取决于其类型或形式，这通常是项目主导计划的结果。调查结果表明，基于项目的计划未能以有效的方式为这些网络提供适当的规则和资源。而且，这些努力是在试图建立新自由主义制度下的扶持机制的系统中进行的。因此，有必要探索在更广泛的城市治理框架下通过制度化来桥接正式和非正式程序的可能方法。