Abstract This study focuses on attitudes related to fulfilling family obligations and their relationships to migration behavior. We hypothesize that men who highly value fulfilling family obligations will be more likely to migrate in order to fulfill material obligations while women who highly value fulfilling family obligations will be less likely to migrate in order to fulfill care obligations. The empirical analysis examines data from the Chitwan Valley Family Study, located in south-central Nepal. We test whether variation in how much individuals value putting family needs before individual needs and caring for their adult parents matter for whether they migrate at all and if so, to which specific destinations. Our results provide only moderate support for these hypotheses but uncover patterns in how these attitudes toward family obligations are related to migration destinations. Men with strong attitudes toward family obligations are more likely to migrate internationally but especially to nearby India, sacrificing some level of economic returns for proximity. For women, the effect of attitudes is consistent: putting family needs first is negatively related to migration, while caring for adult parents is positively related to migration to India but not domestic or other international destinations. The findings suggest that our conventional typology of gendered labor and gender expectations for masculine breadwinning and feminine care might too strictly dichotomize the reality of how people actually care and provide for their families, obfuscating how they negotiate these competing demands.

中文翻译：

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家庭义务 态度、性别和移民

摘要 本研究关注与履行家庭义务相关的态度及其与迁移行为的关系。我们假设高度重视履行家庭义务的男性更有可能为了履行物质义务而迁移，而高度重视履行家庭义务的女性则不太可能为了履行护理义务而迁移。实证分析检查了位于尼泊尔中南部的奇旺谷家庭研究的数据。我们测试了个人是否重视将家庭需求置于个人需求之前以及照顾成年父母的程度是否会影响他们是否迁移以及迁移到哪些特定目的地。我们的结果仅对这些假设提供了适度的支持，但揭示了这些对家庭义务的态度如何与移民目的地相关的模式。对家庭义务有强烈态度的男性更有可能移居国际，尤其是到附近的印度，为了接近而牺牲了一定程度的经济回报。对于女性来说，态度的影响是一致的：将家庭需求放在首位与移民负相关，而照顾成年父母与移民到印度正相关，但与国内或其他国际目的地无关。研究结果表明，我们传统的性别劳动类型学和对男性养家糊口和女性照顾的性别期望可能过于严格地将人们实际照顾和养家糊口的现实一分为二，