This article analyzes circulation in the ranks of Polish parliamentary elite and at the same time serves as detailed description of the evolution of the political scene in the 1989-2011 period. I use the East European Parliamentarian and Candidate dataset (EAST PaC) for Poland to look at “supply” side of political representation, that is statistics on candidates and mandates, but not on the votes and parties’ aggregated results, thereby showing consecutive elections from the point of view of political actors. At the same time this proves to be a convenient mode of describing changes to the Polish political life, as through this personalized perspective we can better observe political mergers, splits, spin-offs, and demise. During the analyzed period, replacement among parties’ leaders was much less pronounced than it was for the average parliamentarians. Throughout the period many key politicians were constantly present in the political competition, assuring more political continuity than it would seem from the total circulation ratios. While party labels were switched relatively often, major political vectors did not change as much as it may appear to external observers.

中文翻译：

---

不断的选举潮？1989-2011 年波兰政党制度和候选人和议员的流动

本文分析了波兰议会精英队伍中的流通情况，同时详细描述了 1989 年至 2011 年期间政治格局的演变。我使用波兰的东欧议员和候选人数据集 (EAST PaC) 来查看政治代表的“供给”方面，即候选人和授权的统计数据，而不是选票和政党的汇总结果，从而显示从政治行动者的观点。同时，这被证明是一种描述波兰政治生活变化的便捷方式，因为通过这种个性化的视角，我们可以更好地观察政治合并、分裂、分拆和消亡。在分析期间，与普通议员相比，政党领导人的更换要少得多。在整个时期，许多重要的政治家不断地参与政治竞争，确保了比从总流通比率看来的更多的政治连续性。虽然政党标签相对频繁地转换，但主要的政治载体并没有像在外部观察者看来的那样发生变化。