This article aims to provide a comparative assessment of work values across countries as well as over time. Differences and similarities in job preferences for eight central value dimensions are examined across nineteen countries between 1989 and 2015, made possible by four survey rounds from the International Social Survey, Work Orientation modules. Analyses of how extrinsic and intrinsic work values are related to individual and contextual factors are guided by contrasting theoretical approaches—modernization theory and a welfare-state institutional perspective. Four main results are reported. First, secure and interesting jobs are the most preferred job qualities, universally important to nearly all employees throughout all survey years. Second, values are markedly stable over time, but vary more across countries. Third, large majorities simultaneously value work autonomy, high income, advancement opportunities, jobs perceived as useful to society or helpful to others, indicating how individuals generally, are both intrinsically and extrinsically oriented toward work, with some gendered differences. Fourth partly in support of welfare-state institutional expectations, work values differ across countries mostly in relation to economic equality rather than economic development, so that both extrinsic and intrinsic work values are more important in more unequal societies.

中文翻译：

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1989-2015 年比较视角下的工作偏好：个人和环境影响的多维评估

本文旨在对不同国家和不同时期的工作价值进行比较评估。1989 年至 2015 年间，在 19 个国家/地区研究了八个核心价值维度的工作偏好的差异和相似之处，这得益于国际社会调查、工作定位模块的四轮调查。通过对比理论方法——现代化理论和福利国家制度视角，分析外在和内在工作价值观如何与个人和背景因素相关。报告了四个主要结果。首先，安全和有趣的工作是最受青睐的工作品质，在所有调查年份中对几乎所有员工都普遍重要。其次，随着时间的推移，价值明显稳定，但各国之间的差异更大。第三，大多数人同时重视工作自主性、高收入、晋升机会、被认为对社会有用或对他人有帮助的工作，这表明个人通常是内在和外在的工作导向，但存在一些性别差异。第四部分是为了支持福利国家制度的期望，不同国家的工作价值观不同，主要与经济平等而非经济发展有关，因此在更加不平等的社会中，外在和内在的工作价值观都更为重要。