Abstract On 18 October 2019, after weeks of subway fare evasions in a protest for a fare increase, protesters occupied some stations of the Metropolitan Public Transport Network in Santiago, Chile’s capital city. An explosive and surprising escalation of violence ensued later that night marking the beginning of an ongoing social crisis that extended to other regions of the country, and reshaped, probably permanently, the political landscape. It is not yet possible to provide a definitive account of events that are still unfolding. We do not aim (nor can) settle the debate, nor give an exhaustive account of all arguments in such a short text. Instead, we describe the main facts of the still ongoing social crisis and the context leading to this crisis, and suggest some explanations based on current body of research and on survey data fielded during the crisis.

中文翻译：

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2019-2020 年智利抗议活动：首先了解其原因和参与者

摘要 2019 年 10 月 18 日，在抗议加价的地铁逃票数周后，抗议者占领了智利首都圣地亚哥的大都会公共交通网络的一些车站。那天晚上晚些时候发生了爆炸性的、令人惊讶的暴力升级，标志着一场持续的社会危机的开始，并蔓延到该国其他地区，并可能永久地重塑了政治格局。目前尚无法对仍在发生的事件提供明确的说明。我们无意（也不能）解决辩论，也不会在如此短的文本中详尽说明所有论点。相反，我们描述了仍在持续的社会危机的主要事实以及导致这场危机的背景，