Candidates running for the Polish Sejm are increasingly drawn from a wider group of occupations (1991–2011). As the percents of intelligentsia and farmers decline in the candidate pool they are replaced by candidates from middle- and low-level nonmanual occupations and business owners and the self-employed. In spite of the increased occupational diversity among candidates, the occupational diversity of elected Members of Parliament (MPs) has declined significantly. Between the 1991 and 2011 elections, intelligentsia went from 78 percent of elected MPs to 83 percent and farmers declined from 9 percent to 1 percent. At the same time, there was an increase in elected MPs who are self-employed or business owners. Data from the 2011 election clearly show that list placements by parties explain the overrepresentation of intelligentsia. Even though the advantages for intelligentsia can be found in all parties, they are greatest in parties seeking to appeal to a broad base, for example, Civic Platform, while parties that appeal to a narrow constituency are more likely to place candidates with diverse occupational backgrounds in top positions.

中文翻译：

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波兰政治中的职业多样性，1991-2011

竞选波兰众议院的候选人越来越多地来自更广泛的职业群体（1991-2011）。随着候选人库中知识分子和农民的百分比下降，他们被中低层非手工职业和企业主以及个体经营者的候选人所取代。尽管候选人之间的职业多样性增加，但议会选举成员（MPS）的职业多样性明显下降。在1991年和2011年的选举之间，知识分子从78％的选举国会议员占83％，农民从9％下降到1％。At the same time, there was an increase in elected MPs who are self-employed or business owners. 2011 年选举的数据清楚地表明，政党的名单位置解释了知识分子的过度代表。