This study presents an empirical cross-national analysis of the influence of fossil fuel (or carbon) dependence on climate change public opinion using ordinary least squares and robust regression modeling of aggregate, national-level data from Gallup World Poll surveys conducted in 2010. These provide measures of public awareness, perceived risk, and perceived human cause of climate change among general publics in over 100 countries. Three measures of fossil fuel dependence are examined: carbon dioxide emissions per capita, fossil fuel production dependence, and fossil fuel consumption dependence. The measure “carbon emissions per capita” is negatively associated with perceived risk and perceived human cause of climate change, but it is not associated with public awareness. However, when separately examining the production and consumption dimensions of fossil fuel dependence, the results indicate that greater dependence on fossil fuel production is significantly associated with lower public awareness, perceived risk, and perceived human cause of climate change; meanwhile, dependence on fossil fuel consumption has no significant effect on these three measures. These findings suggest that fossil fuel dependence, particularly dependence on the production of fossil fuels, shapes public understanding, skepticism, and risk perception of climate change and may do so mainly via economic interests and efforts to defend them.

中文翻译：

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化石燃料依赖会影响公众对气候变化的意识和感知吗？一项跨国调查

本研究使用普通最小二乘法和 2010 年盖洛普世界民意调查的国家级汇总数据的稳健回归模型，对化石燃料（或碳）依赖对气候变化舆论的影响进行了实证跨国分析。这些在 100 多个国家的公众中提供公众意识、感知风险和感知气候变化的人为原因的措施。研究了化石燃料依赖的三个指标：人均二氧化碳排放量、化石燃料生产依赖和化石燃料消费依赖。“人均碳排放量”与感知风险和感知气候变化的人类原因呈负相关，但与公众意识无关。然而，当分别考察化石燃料依赖的生产和消费维度时，结果表明对化石燃料生产的更大依赖与较低的公众意识、感知风险和感知气候变化的人类原因显着相关；同时，对化石燃料消费的依赖对这三项措施没有显着影响。这些发现表明，对化石燃料的依赖，尤其是对化石燃料生产的依赖，塑造了公众对气候变化的理解、怀疑和风险感知，并且可能主要通过经济利益和捍卫它们的努力来实现。以及感知到的气候变化的人为原因；同时，对化石燃料消费的依赖对这三项措施没有显着影响。这些发现表明，对化石燃料的依赖，尤其是对化石燃料生产的依赖，塑造了公众对气候变化的理解、怀疑和风险感知，并且可能主要通过经济利益和捍卫它们的努力来实现。以及感知到的气候变化的人为原因；同时，对化石燃料消费的依赖对这三项措施没有显着影响。这些发现表明，对化石燃料的依赖，尤其是对化石燃料生产的依赖，塑造了公众对气候变化的理解、怀疑和风险感知，并且可能主要通过经济利益和捍卫它们的努力来实现。