ABSTRACT Locke’s influential discussion of agency in the chapter ‘Of Power’ in the Essay Concerning Human Understanding underwent important changes between the first and second edition. He reconsidered many of his central claims about the mind’s deliberation about actions. Locke’s position in the two editions is not only different but, as he himself points out, sometimes incompatible. This has suggested to some commentators that his change of mind was at least partly due to an external influence. Locke himself gestures towards this conclusion in the new ‘Epistle’ in the second edition Essay. One view is that William Molyneux was a notable influence, while another position is that Ralph Cudworth’s work on free will, either directly or indirectly through the influence of his daughter Damaris Masham, was an important influence. The position I develop in this paper is that the strongest candidate for an important external influence on Locke’s second edition revision is Molyneux’s close associate and friend, Irish philosopher and Archbishop of Dublin, William King. I argue that King’s criticism is a plausible influence on Locke’s reconceptualization of will and desire. Finally, and perhaps most significantly, King’s criticism appears to have been instrumental in Locke’s new emphasis on the agent’s capacity to determine what to value.

中文翻译：

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威廉·金对洛克第二版关于人类行为和自由的思想转变的影响

摘要 洛克在《关于人类理解的散文》的“权力”一章中对能动性的有影响力的讨论在第一版和第二版之间经历了重要的变化。他重新考虑了他关于思想对行动的深思熟虑的许多核心主张。洛克在这两个版本中的立场不仅不同，而且正如他自己指出的那样，有时是不相容的。这向一些评论家表明，他的想法改变至少部分是由于外部影响。洛克本人在第二版 Essay 的新“书信”中指出了这一结论。一种观点是威廉莫利纽克斯是一个显着的影响，而另一种观点是，拉尔夫库德沃斯关于自由意志的工作，无论是直接还是间接通过他的女儿达马里斯马沙姆的影响，都是一个重要的影响。我在本文中提出的立场是，对洛克第二版修订版产生重要外部影响的最有力候选人是莫利纽克斯的亲密伙伴和朋友、爱尔兰哲学家和都柏林大主教威廉·金。我认为金的批评对洛克对意志和欲望的重新概念化产生了似是而非的影响。最后，也许是最重要的一点，金的批评似乎有助于洛克重新强调代理人决定价值的能力。