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Precis of Philosophy Within Its Proper Bounds
International Journal of Philosophical Studies ( IF 0.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-08 , DOI: 10.1080/09672559.2019.1655944
Edouard Machery 1
Affiliation  

The goal of Philosophy Within Its Proper Bounds (Machery 2017) is to curb philosophers’ flights of fancy and to reorient contemporary philosophy toward humbler, but more productive questions. A large part of contemporary philosophy aims at addressing ‘modally immodest questions,’ that is questions whose solutions require knowledge about metaphysical necessities (i.e. unrestricted necessities). Reductive questions, for instance, are modally immodest (e.g. Can knowledge be reduced to justified true belief plus some additional condition?) as are questions about entailment (e.g. Does responsibility entail the ability to have done otherwise?). Many traditional philosophical questions – e.g. Is physicalism true? Could two physically identical organisms have different mental states? – are alsomodally immodest. To answermodally immodest questions, wemust be in a position to distinguish what could be otherwise from what could not be otherwise (in an unrestricted manner). The trouble, I argue, is that the main philosophical method for answering this question, the method of cases, fails to give us the needed knowledge about what could not have been otherwise (i.e. metaphysical necessities) and that there is no plausible alternative. Philosophy Within Its Proper Bounds is not entirely negative: Many modally immodest questions often have exciting modally modest counterparts; naturalistic projects in philosophy (includingmuch of philosophy of science) do not require modally immodest knowledge; more originally perhaps, Philosophy Within Its Proper Bounds aims to defend a tradition in philosophy that philosophers have recently viewed with skepticism: conceptual analysis. I propose a new characterization of conceptual analysis, naturalized conceptual analysis, and a revision of the method of cases, which I call ‘the method of cases 2.0.’ Conceptual engineering, which I call ‘revisionary conceptual analysis’ in Philosophy Within Its Proper Bounds, is part and parcel of this new conception of conceptual analysis. In what follows I review the main themes of each chapter of this book. Chapter 1, ‘The Method of Cases,’ characterizes the method of cases. Cases are just descriptions of actual or possible situations. Philosophical cases are cases used for philosophical purposes. In PhilosophyWithin Its Proper Bounds, they are identified ostentively, and illustrated by many examples. Cases have

中文翻译:

适当范围内的哲学概论

Philosophy Within its Proper Bounds (Machery 2017) 的目标是遏制哲学家的幻想,并将当代哲学重新定位到更谦虚但更有成效的问题上。当代哲学的很大一部分旨在解决“模态不谦虚的问题”,即其解决方案需要有关形而上学必要性(即不受限制的必要性)知识的问题。例如,还原性问题在模态上是不谦虚的(例如,知识是否可以简化为合理的真实信念加上一些附加条件?),关于蕴涵的问题也是如此(例如,责任是否需要以其他方式做事的能力?)。许多传统的哲学问题——例如物理主义是真的吗?两个生理上完全相同的生物体能否有不同的心理状态?– 也是模棱两可的。回答模态不端的问题,我们必须能够(以不受限制的方式)区分可能存在的情况和不存在的情况。我认为,问题在于,回答这个问题的主要哲学方法,即案例方法,未能向我们提供所需的知识,否则就不可能有什么(即形而上学的必要性),并且没有合理的替代方案。适当范围内的哲学并非完全否定:许多模态不谦虚的问题通常有令人兴奋的模态谦虚对应物;哲学中的自然主义项目(包括大部分科学哲学)不需要模态上不谦虚的知识;也许更原始的是,《在其适当范围内的哲学》旨在捍卫哲学家最近以怀疑态度看待的哲学传统:概念分析。我提出了概念分析的新特征、自然化的概念分析和案例方法的修订,我称之为“案例方法 2.0”。概念工程,我在《哲学在其适当范围内》中称为“修正性概念分析”,是概念分析这一新概念的重要组成部分。在接下来的内容中,我回顾了本书每一章的主题。第 1 章“案例方法”描述了案例方法。案例只是对实际或可能情况的描述。哲学案例是用于哲学目的的案例。在《在其适当范围内的哲学》中,它们被明显地识别出来,并通过许多例子加以说明。案例有 我称之为“案例方法 2.0”。概念工程,我在《哲学在其适当范围内》中称为“修正性概念分析”,是概念分析这一新概念的重要组成部分。在接下来的内容中,我回顾了本书每一章的主题。第 1 章“案例方法”描述了案例方法。案例只是对实际或可能情况的描述。哲学案例是用于哲学目的的案例。在《在其适当范围内的哲学》中,它们被明显地识别出来,并通过许多例子加以说明。案例有 我称之为“案例方法 2.0”。概念工程,我在《哲学在其适当范围内》中称为“修正性概念分析”,是概念分析这一新概念的重要组成部分。在接下来的内容中,我回顾了本书每一章的主题。第 1 章“案例方法”描述了案例方法。案例只是对实际或可能情况的描述。哲学案例是用于哲学目的的案例。在《在其适当范围内的哲学》中,它们被明显地识别出来,并通过许多例子加以说明。案例有 第 1 章“案例方法”描述了案例方法。案例只是对实际或可能情况的描述。哲学案例是用于哲学目的的案例。在《在其适当范围内的哲学》中,它们被明显地识别出来,并通过许多例子加以说明。案例有 第 1 章“案例方法”描述了案例方法。案例只是对实际或可能情况的描述。哲学案例是用于哲学目的的案例。在《在其适当范围内的哲学》中,它们被明显地识别出来,并通过许多例子加以说明。案例有
更新日期:2019-08-08
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