Abstract Optimism is shown to predict effective long-term rehabilitation, physical/mental health, and prevention of recidivism among prisoners. However, knowledge is scarce on factors that may specifically influence optimism within the population of inmates. In this regard, we cross-sectionally examined the predictive abilities of schizotypal personality traits (SPT) and family environments on personal optimism and sense of external security. Participants (204 male prisoners, mean age = 34.3 ± 8.73) were administered the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ-B), the Positivity Scale and Moos Family Environment Scale. Structural equation modeling was used to test assumptions. Controlling for time currently spent as an inmate and religious affiliation, results indicate that SPT significantly and negatively predicts dispositional optimism. However, the perception of family environments did not. The model largely accounted for a variance of 56% in personal optimism and 59% in external security. This suggests the necessity of early detection and management of SPT for increased optimistic dispositions in prison inmates.

中文翻译：

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精神分裂症人格特质与囚犯的性格乐观之间的联系：尼日利亚监狱中一些选定的男性囚犯的发现

摘要研究表明，乐观情绪可以预测囚犯的有效长期康复，身心健康以及预防累犯。但是，对于可能会特别影响囚犯内的乐观情绪的因素，知识很少。在这方面，我们横断面检查了分裂型人格特质（SPT）和家庭环境对个人乐观和外部安全感的预测能力。参与者（204名男性囚犯，平均年龄= 34.3±8.73）接受了精神分裂型人格问卷（SPQ-B），积极性量表和Moos家庭环境量表。结构方程模型用于测试假设。控制目前作为囚犯和宗教信仰所花费的时间，结果表明SPT显着地和负面地预测了性格乐观。但是，对家庭环境的看法却没有。该模型在个人乐观度上占56％的差异，在外部安全方面占59％的差异。这表明有必要及早发现和管理SPT，以提高监狱囚犯的乐观情绪。