Alterations in nuclear shape are present in human diseases and ageing. A compromised nuclear lamina is molecularly interlinked to altered chromatin functions and genomic instability. Whether these alterations are a cause or a consequence of the pathological state are important questions in biology. Here, we summarize the roles of nuclear envelope components in chromatin organization, phase separation and transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. Examining these functions in healthy backgrounds will guide us towards a better understanding of pathological alterations.

中文翻译：

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核层的功能机制和异常

核形状的改变存在于人类疾病和衰老中。受损的核层在分子上与改变的染色质功能和基因组不稳定性相关联。这些改变是病理状态的原因还是结果是生物学中的重要问题。在这里，我们总结了核膜成分在染色质组织、相分离以及转录和表观遗传调控中的作用。在健康背景下检查这些功能将指导我们更好地理解病理改变。