Objective

To explore factors that could explain why older adults are more at risk at the roadside.

Background

The physical and psychological health benefits of walking have been well-established, leading to the widespread promotion of walking amongst older adults. However, walking can result in an increased risk of injury as a pedestrian at the roadside, which is a greater risk for older adults who are overrepresented in pedestrian casualty figures.

Method

Relevant databases were searched up to January 2020. All peer-reviewed journals that presented data on healthy older adults and some aspect of road crossing or roadside behavior were included. A total of 142 papers were assessed and 60 met the inclusion criteria.

Results

Identified papers could be grouped into three areas: crossing at a designated crossing place; crossing with no designated crossing place; perceptions or behaviors.

Conclusion

Multiple individual (attitudes, perceived behavioral control, walking time, time-to-arrival judgments, waiting endurance, cognitive ability), task (vehicle size, vehicle speed, traffic volume), and environmental (road layout, time of day, weather) constraints influence road crossing in older adulthood.

Application

Accessibility of designated crossing areas needs to be addressed by ensuring sufficient time to cross and nonrestrictive waiting times. Signalized crossings need to be simplified and visibility increased. Where there is no designated crossing place, a reduction in speed limit alongside the provision of pedestrian islands to provide “pause” places are needed. Educational-based programs may also help ensure safety of older adults where there is no designated crossing place.

中文翻译：

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为什么老年人行人的风险更大？系统回顾

客观的

探索可以解释为什么老年人在路边面临更大风险的因素。

背景

步行对身体和心理健康的益处已得到公认，导致步行在老年人中得到广泛推广。然而，作为行人在路边步行会增加受伤的风险，这对于在行人伤亡人数中所占比例过高的老年人来说是一个更大的风险。

方法

搜索了截至 2020 年 1 月的相关数据库。包括所有提供健康老年人数据和过马路或路边行为某些方面的同行评审期刊。共评估了 142 篇论文，其中 60 篇符合纳入标准。

结果

被识别的文件可以分为三个区域：在指定的过境点过境；没有指定过路处的过路；观念或行为。

结论

多个个体（态度、感知行为控制、步行时间、到达时间判断、等待耐力、认知能力）、任务（车辆大小、车速、交通量）和环境（道路布局、一天中的时间、天气）约束会影响老年人的过马路。

应用

需要通过确保有足够的时间过马路和不受限制的等候时间来解决指定过马路区域的无障碍问题。需要简化信号交叉口并提高能见度。如果没有指定的过路处，则需要在提供行人专用岛的同时降低限速以提供“暂停”场所。基于教育的计划还可以帮助确保没有指定过境点的老年人的安全。