This study was concerned with a culture-sensitive revision of the Turkish version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28) and expansion of the instrument through integration of a dimension assessing overprotection - overcontrol (OP-OC). Participants (n = 783) were 37 dissociative and 78 non-dissociative and non-psychotic psychiatric outpatients, and 668 non-clinical people. They completed the revised and expanded version of the CTQ, Dissociative Experiences Scale, Beck Depression Scale, and Relationship Scales Questionnaire. A test-retest assessment was conducted on 25 non-clinical individuals. Among twenty-one alternative and the twenty-five original statements, the items of subsections were selected by correlations between item and item deleted total scores for each subset of original and alternative statements. The 33-item final version (CTQ-33) included five statements for each subsection including OP-OC and three denial items. The principal component analysis on items of the CTQ-33 with a varimax rotation yielded six factors including OP-OC. The inner consistency and the test-retest reliability were good. OP-OC correlated particularly with emotional abuse and neglect, and other types of trauma. There were significant correlations between CTQ-33 and depression, dissociation, and fearful attachment scores. The CTQ-33 differentiated psychiatric from non-clinical groups. The Turkish CTQ-33 is a reliable and valid instrument. OP-OC by caregivers may be as traumatic as other types of childhood adversities. Cross-cultural research would illuminate the significance of OP-OC beyond Turkish culture. The possibility of intergenerational transmission of trauma through OP-OC by fearful parents in and after times of cultural upheaval and political oppression should be considered for future research.

中文翻译：

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土耳其童年创伤问卷 (CTQ-33) 的修订和扩展版本：过度保护-过度控制作为附加因素

本研究涉及土耳其版儿童创伤问卷 (CTQ-28) 的文化敏感性修订，并通过整合评估过度保护 - 过度控制 (OP-OC) 的维度来扩展该工具。参与者 (n = 783) 是 37 名分离性和 78 名非分离性和非精神病精神病门诊患者，以及 668 名非临床患者。他们完成了 CTQ、分离体验量表、贝克抑郁量表和关系量表问卷的修订和扩展版本。对 25 名非临床个体进行了重新测试评估。在21个备选和25个原始陈述中，根据原始和备选陈述的每个子集的项目和删除项目总分之间的相关性来选择小节项目。33 项最终版本 (CTQ-33) 包括每个小节的五项声明，包括 OP-OC 和三项否认项。CTQ-33 项目的主成分分析与最大旋转产生六个因素，包括 OP-OC。内在一致性和重测信度良好。OP-OC 尤其与情感虐待和忽视以及其他类型的创伤相关。CTQ-33 与抑郁、分离和恐惧依恋评分之间存在显着相关性。CTQ-33 将精神科与非临床组区分开来。土耳其 CTQ-33 是一种可靠且有效的仪器。照顾者的 OP-OC 可能与其他类型的儿童逆境一样具有创伤性。跨文化研究将阐明 OP-OC 超越土耳其文化的重要性。