Background: Social distancing guidelines for COVID-19 have caused a rapid transition to telephone and video technologies for delivering treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). Objective: This study examined the adoption of these technologies across the SUD service continuum, acceptance of these technologies among service providers, and intent of providers to use these technologies after the pandemic. Additional analysis using the validated technology acceptance model (TAM) was performed to test the potential applications of these technologies after the pandemic. The study objectives were as follows: (1) to assess the use of telehealth (telephone and video technologies) for different SUD services during COVID-19 in May-June 2020, (2) to assess the intended applications of telehealth for SUD services beyond COVID-19, (3) to evaluate the perceived ease of use and value of telehealth for delivering SUD services, and (4) to assess organizational readiness for the sustained use of telehealth services. Methods: An online survey on the use of telephonic and video services was distributed between May and August 2020 to measure the current use of these services, perceived organizational readiness to use these services, and the intent to use these services after COVID-19. In total, 8 of 10 regional Addiction Technology Transfer Centers representing 43 states distributed the survey. Individual organizations were the unit of analysis. Results: In total, 457 organizations responded to the survey. Overall, the technology was widely used; >70% (n>335) of organizations reported using telephone or video platforms for most services. The odds of the intent of organizations to use these technologies to deliver services post COVID-19 were significantly greater for all but two services (ie, telephonic residential counseling and buprenorphine therapy; mean odds ratio 3.79, range 1.87-6.98). Clinical users preferred video technologies to telephone technologies for virtually all services. Readiness to use telephone and video technologies was high across numerous factors, though telephonic services were considered more accessible. Consistent with the TAM, perceived usefulness and ease of use influenced the intent to use both telephone and video technologies. Conclusions: The overall perceived ease of use and usefulness of telephonic and video services suggest promising post–COVID-19 applications of these services. Survey participants consistently preferred video services to telephonic services; however, the availability of telephonic services to those lacking easy access to video technology is an important characteristic of these services. Future studies should review the acceptance of telehealth services and their comparative impact on SUD care outcomes.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 期间和之后在药物使用障碍服务中使用远程医疗：在线调查研究

背景：针对 COVID-19 的社交距离准则导致药物使用障碍 (SUD) 治疗迅速转向电话和视频技术。目标：本研究考察了这些技术在 SUD 服务连续体中的采用情况、服务提供商对这些技术的接受程度，以及提供商在大流行后使用这些技术的意图。使用经过验证的技术接受模型（TAM）进行了额外的分析，以测试这些技术在大流行后的潜在应用。研究目标如下：(1) 评估 2020 年 5 月至 6 月 COVID-19 期间远程医疗（电话和视频技术）在不同 SUD 服务中的使用情况，(2) 评估远程医疗在 2020 年 5 月至 6 月之后在 SUD 服务中的预期应用COVID-19，(3) 评估远程医疗在提供 SUD 服务方面的易用性和价值，以及 (4) 评估组织对持续使用远程医疗服务的准备情况。方法： 2020 年 5 月至 8 月期间发布了一份关于电话和视频服务使用情况的在线调查，以衡量这些服务的当前使用情况、感知的组织使用这些服务的准备情况以及在 COVID-19 后使用这些服务的意图。总共，代表 43 个州的 10 个区域成瘾技术转移中心中的 8 个分发了这份调查报告。单个组织是分析单位。结果：共有 457 个组织回复了调查。总体而言，该技术得到了广泛的应用；>70% (n>335) 的组织表示大多数服务都使用电话或视频平台。除两项服务（即电话住宅咨询和丁丙诺啡治疗；平均优势比 3.79，范围 1.87-6.98）外，组织在 COVID-19 后打算使用这些技术提供服务的可能性明显更大。对于几乎所有服务，临床用户都更喜欢视频技术而不是电话技术。尽管电话服务被认为更容易获得，但考虑到许多因素，人们对使用电话和视频技术的准备程度很高。与 TAM 一致，感知的有用性和易用性影响了使用电话和视频技术的意图。结论：电话和视频服务的总体易用性和实用性表明这些服务在 COVID-19 后的应用前景广阔。调查参与者始终更喜欢视频服务而不是电话服务；然而，向那些无法轻松获得视频技术的人提供电话服务是这些服务的一个重要特征。未来的研究应审查远程医疗服务的接受程度及其对 SUD 护理结果的相对影响。