Previous studies have observed a link between gender and well‐being and health in young populations. The purpose of this research was twofold: (1) to analyse the cross‐sectional relationship between gender status with well‐being indicators and self‐perceived health in adolescents at baseline and at 2‐year follow‐up and (2) to evaluate the prospective associations between gender at baseline and well‐being indicators/self‐perceived health assessed at 2‐year follow‐up. Well‐being was measured using the KIDSCREEN‐10 questionnaire (as a measure of health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL)), the Children's Hope Scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Health status of the adolescents was assessed using self‐perceived health. Multilevel mixed‐effects linear/logistic regression models were carried out to assess the associations between gender status and well‐being and health of a sample of 1590 Spanish adolescents. Adolescent girls were shown to have lower HR‐QoL scores and higher negative affect scores, and had a higher risk of reporting poor health than boys, in both cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses. Adolescent girls seem to be more vulnerable to poorer well‐being and self‐reported health than boys. When looking at hedonic and eudemonic well‐being separately, longitudinal differential evolution of boys and girls seems to indicate greater deterioration of hedonic well‐being among girls as compared to boys. Overall, gender may have a relevant impact on mental and physical health during adolescence.

中文翻译：

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西班牙青年幸福与健康的纵向性别视角：UP&DOWN 研究

先前的研究已经观察到性别与年轻人群的幸福感和健康之间存在联系。本研究的目的有两个：（1）分析基线和 2 年随访时青少年性别状况与幸福指数和自我感知健康之间的横断面关系；（2）评估基线性别与 2 年随访评估的幸福指数/自我感知健康之间的前瞻性关联。使用 KIDSCREEN-10 问卷（作为健康相关生活质量 (HR-QoL) 的衡量标准）、儿童希望量表和积极和消极影响量表来衡量幸福感。使用自我感知健康评估青少年的健康状况。使用多级混合效应线性/逻辑回归模型来评估 1590 名西班牙青少年样本的性别状态与幸福感和健康之间的关联。在横断面和纵向分析中，青春期女孩的 HR-QoL 评分较低，负面情绪评分较高，报告健康状况不佳的风险高于男孩。与男孩相比，青春期女孩似乎更容易受到较差的幸福感和自我报告的健康状况的影响。当分别观察享乐幸福感和幸福幸福感时，男孩和女孩的纵向差异进化似乎表明，与男孩相比，女孩的享乐幸福感恶化程度更大。总体而言，性别可能会对青春期的心理和身体健康产生相关影响。