Although pyrolysis is a promising way for treating animal manure, the application is restricted with some limitations of biochar. To improve the quality of biochar derived from swine manure and enhance the immobilization of heavy metals (Cu and Zn) in it, swine manure was mixed with four types of Ca-based additives (CaO, CaCO₃, Ca(OH)₂, and Ca(H₂PO₄)₂) prior to pyrolysis at 300–700 °C. The thermogravimetric characteristics of swine manure were obviously influenced The addition of CaO, CaCO₃, and Ca(OH)₂ during the whole decomposition process. Furthermore, with the addition of CaO and Ca(OH)₂, the emission of CO₂ and CO was substantially decreased at 200–500 °C, whereas the formation of CO, H₂, CO₂, and CH₄ was drastically increased at 600–800 °C. The biochar produced with CaO addition had the highest pH, surface area and carbon content. Moreover, by addition of Ca-based additives, except for Ca(H₂PO₄)₂, the transformation of labile Cu and Zn to the stable fraction was promoted, and the leachability and environmental risk of them were simultaneously reduced. In contrast, CaO and Ca(OH)₂ were more favorable for the immobilization of Cu and Zn than CaCO₃. Our study indicated that the catalytic pyrolysis using CaO was an effective and valuable method of animal manure treatment.

尽管热解是一种处理动物粪便的有前途的方法，但其应用受到生物炭的某些限制。为了提高源自猪粪的生物炭的质量并增强其中的重金属（铜和锌）的固定性，将猪粪与四种类型的钙基添加剂（CaO，CaCO ₃，Ca（OH）₂和Ca（H ₂ PO ₄）₂）在300–700°C裂解之前。猪粪的热重特性受到明显影响，在整个分解过程中添加CaO，CaCO ₃和Ca（OH）₂。此外，通过添加CaO和Ca（OH）₂，可以释放CO ₂在200–500°C时，CO显着降低，而在600–800°C时，CO，H ₂，CO ₂和CH _4的形成急剧增加。添加CaO产生的生物炭具有最高的pH，表面积和碳含量。此外，通过添加Ca（H ₂ PO ₄）₂以外的Ca类添加剂，促进了不稳定的Cu和Zn向稳定部分的转化，同时降低了它们的浸出性和环境风险。相比之下，CaO和Ca（OH）₂比CaCO ₃更适合固定Cu和Zn。我们的研究表明，使用CaO进行催化热解是一种有效且有价值的动物粪便处理方法。