Groundwater heat pump (GWHP) system enables to exploit additional value of groundwater as a promising renewable energy resource. This study suggested a simulation-optimization approach to find optimal installation and operation strategy for sustainable GWHP system, which aims at maximizing performance and efficiency, maintaining operational stability, complying with legal regulation on water injection, and minimizing possible costs and environmental impacts at the same time. A groundwater flow and heat transport simulation model was linked with a genetic algorithm as optimization technique and, particularly, this model can determine optimal well locations and pumping/injection rates together or apart. Assuming a hypothetical GWHP model, it was shown that the consideration of thermal recycling and value of land available for installation is important for determining optimal well configuration and resulting well distance. Results also demonstrated that simultaneous optimization of well location and flow rate can provide a better design than optimization of only well location for given flow rate. By applying the developed model to a GWHP facility in Korea, the capability of this model that can account for site-specific conditions in planning stage was proven, which must be critical to sustainable operation of GWHP system.

地下水热泵（GWHP）系统能够利用地下水的附加值作为有希望的可再生能源。这项研究提出了一种模拟优化方法，以找到可持续的GWHP系统的最佳安装和运行策略，其目的是最大化性能和效率，保持运行稳定性，遵守注水法律法规，并同时将可能的成本和环境影响降至最低时间。地下水流和热传输模拟模型与作为优化技术的遗传算法联系在一起，尤其是，该模型可以确定最佳的井位以及一起或分开的最佳抽水/注水速率。假设假设的GWHP模型，结果表明，对热循环利用和可供安装的土地价值的考虑对于确定最佳的井眼配置和最终的井眼距离很重要。结果还表明，与给定流量下仅优化井位相比，同时优化井位和流量可以提供更好的设计。通过将开发的模型应用于韩国的GWHP设施，证明了该模型在计划阶段可以考虑特定地点条件的功能，这对于GWHP系统的可持续运行至关重要。