Abstract—

The role of intermediate substrates represented by morphological structures or chemical compounds located between the information carrier (stimulus) and the dendrite receptor membrane of insect sense organs is considered an example of olfactory, visual, mechanical, hygro-, and thermoreceptors. Intermediate substrates in olfactory sensillae are represented by their cuticular regions, pores or pore-tubular system, sensillum lymph, and pheromone-binding proteins. Intermediate structures also imply articular membrane (mechanoreceptor hairs), tympanic membrane (hearing organs), mineral statoliths (gravity receptors), iron oxide nanoparticles (magnetic field receptors), matrix surrounding the dendrites (hygroreceptors), microparticles associated with the dendrite membrane (thermoreceptors), and nonsclerotized mesocuticle (infrared receptors). There are two stages in propagation of a signal that is perceived by sense organs of most modalities: (1) before a signal contacts the peripheral environment (substance or structure) and (2) after a signal contacts the peripheral environment. Besides, a signal of one modality on the first stage of its propagation can be replaced by a signal of another modality at the second stage of propagation, as, for example, in hygro- or thermoreceptors, since the primary stimulus (moisture, heat/cold, or infrared radiation) is replaced by a mechanical effect on the dendrite membrane of its peripheral environment. The mechanisms of signal modality substitution in many sense organs, as well as the role of odorant-binding proteins and pore tubules in olfactory sensillae, have not been fully elucidated and require further investigation.

中文翻译：

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神经元周围环境在昆虫感知器官的刺激感知中的作用：事实和假设

摘要-

以位于昆虫感官的信息载体（刺激）和树突受体膜之间的形态结构或化学化合物为代表的中间基质的作用被认为是嗅觉，视觉，机械，吸湿和热感受器的一个例子。嗅觉感官中的中间底物由它们的表皮区域，毛孔或毛孔-管状系统，感官淋巴和信息素结合蛋白代表。中间结构还包括关节膜（机械感受器的毛发），鼓膜（听觉器官），矿物层状石（重力感受器），氧化铁纳米颗粒（磁场感受器），树突周围的基质（吸湿感受器），与树突膜相关的微粒（感受器） ）和非硬化的中皮（红外线受体）。大多数形式的感官可以感知到信号传播的两个阶段：（1）在信号接触外围环境（物质或结构）之前和（2）在信号接触外围环境之后。此外，在传播的第一阶段，一种模式的信号可以用在传播的第二阶段的另一模式的信号代替，例如在吸湿或受热感受器中，因为主要的刺激（水分，热量/冷或红外辐射）被其周围环境的枝晶膜上的机械效应所代替。尚未完全阐明许多感觉器官中信号形态替代的机制，以及气味结合蛋白和毛细血管在嗅觉感官中的作用，尚需进一步研究。