Iron deficiency anemia is a challenge to global public health, and the development of iron-enriched foods are an opportunity to reduce this problem. Lentinus crinitus is a basidiomycete with high metal bioaccumulation capacity that is consumed by Amazonian Indians. This study aimed to evaluate iron bioaccumulation in the mycelial biomass of L. crinitus cultivated in agroindustrial byproducts. First, the fungus grew in a liquid medium with iron addition from 0.116 (control) to 100 mg L⁻¹. The addition of 90 mg L⁻¹ iron to the culture medium resulted in 15.07 ± 1.44 dg kg⁻¹ of iron mycelial bioaccumulation, a 9000-fold increase compared with the control. Then, the fungus grew in agroindustrial byproducts sugarcane (SCM) or soybean (SBM) molasses added with 90 mg L⁻¹ iron and 0.9 mg L⁻¹ manganese, a new element in the assay. The iron concentrations in the mycelial biomass cultivated in SCM or SBM were 20.78 ± 2.28 or 34.71 ± 4.31 dg kg⁻¹, respectively, at 21 cultivation days. The cultivation time and the presence of iron and manganese in the culture media were important variables for iron bioaccumulation in the mycelial biomass. Our study evidenced that agroindustrial byproducts, mainly SCM, can be used to successfully produce mycelial biomass enriched with iron - as an alternative functional food - to add value to the food production chain. Also, the iron-enriched biomass can be an alternative for non-living animal protein supply.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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农用工业副产物培养的香菇菌丝体中铁的生物富集

缺铁性贫血是对全球公共健康的挑战，开发富含铁的食物是减少这一问题的机会。Lentinus crinitus是一种具有高金属生物蓄积能力的担子菌，被亚马逊印第安人食用。本研究旨在在的菌丝体，以评估生物富集铁L. crinitus栽培工农业副产品。首先，真菌在添加铁的液体培养基中从0.116（对照）生长到100 mg L ^-1。向培养基中添加90 mg L ^-1铁导致15.07±1.44 dg kg ^-1铁菌丝的生物蓄积量比对照增加了9000倍。然后，真菌在农用工业副产品甘蔗（SCM）或大豆（SBM）糖蜜中生长，其中添加了90 mg L ^-1铁和0.9 mg L ^-1锰，这是测定中的一种新元素。在SCM或SBM中培养的菌丝生物质中的铁浓度为20.78±2.28或34.71±4.31 dg kg ^-1分别在21个栽培日。培养时间以及培养基中铁和锰的存在是菌丝生物量中铁生物积累的重要变量。我们的研究证明，农副产品（主要是SCM）可用于成功生产富含铁的菌丝生物质（作为一种替代功能食品），从而增加食品生产链的价值。同样，富含铁的生物质可以替代无生命动物蛋白的供应。

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