ABSTRACT Drumming is one of the most common instrumental practices on the African continent, and forms part of various cultural music practices of different ethnic groups. In traditional African drumming societies, drumming expertise is acquired aurally-orally. As culture evolves, so does the transmission of indigenous African music. Traditional music undergoes adaptations to fit recontextualised environments, including classrooms. Modern African Classical Drumming (MACD) is a contemporary notated drumming practice based on traditional practices. It is informed by indigenous African musical arts theory and promotes complementary interdependence of performance arts in a holistic performance presentation. MACD can be easily adapted into classrooms, promoting both music literacy and traditional African instruments. Incorporating traditional music into modern classrooms for the promotion of multicultural music education, and the preservation and propagation of the musical heritage of African drumming to younger generations are some reasons for the evolution of MACD. Inevitably, this continuum demands adjustments and compromises to be made in favour of recontextualising MACD. Notation used in MACD does not include performance markings – but merely minimal rhythmic guidelines. In this article theoretical elements of creativity, analysis and performance have been drawn on to facilitate teaching and learning of this particular drumming genre. Score analysis and interpretation guidelines are designed to equip both novice teachers and learners to acquire basic MACD interpretation and performance skills.

中文翻译：

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现代非洲古典击鼓：多元文化音乐课程的当代非洲击鼓实践

摘要击鼓是非洲大陆上最常见的乐器习俗之一，并且是不同种族的各种文化音乐习俗的一部分。在非洲传统的击鼓协会中，击鼓经验是通过口头获得的。随着文化的发展，非洲土著音乐的传播也在发展。对传统音乐进行了改编，以适应包括教室在内的重新关联的环境。现代非洲古典鼓（MACD）是一种基于传统习俗的当代记号击鼓练习。它借鉴了非洲土著音乐艺术理论，并通过整体表演形式促进了表演艺术的互补相互依存。MACD可以轻松地应用于教室，从而促进音乐素养和非洲传统乐器的发展。将传统音乐纳入现代教室中以促进多元文化音乐教育，并将非洲击鼓的音乐遗产保存并传播给年轻一代是MACD进化的某些原因。不可避免地，这一连续性要求进行调整和折衷，以利于MACD的重新关联。MACD中使用的表示法不包括演奏标记，而只是最小的节奏准则。在本文中，已经运用了创造力，分析能力和演奏能力的理论元素来促进这种特殊鼓类的教学。分数分析和口译指南旨在使新手老师和学习者都掌握基本的MACD口译和表演技能。