Abstract Folklorism is presented as a component of culture change. The aim of the article is to show how ethno- and musicologists, folklorists, music teachers, broadcasters, and others, have influenced traditional peasant culture in times of fundamental transformation during the 20th century, and how they have contributed to its documentation, understanding and invention of new meanings, including the Polishness of folklore in Poland. This review aims to exemplify this process. Each European country has its own history in this respect. The text consists of three parts. In the first one, folklore is confronted with social history; the second one is dedicated to generations of ethnomusicologists; the third one is dedicated to contemporary functions of music traditions and the role of ethnomusicologists, with emphasis on applied ethnomusicology. The comments on applied ethnomusicology summarise the author’s experiences acquired during field research in Poland since 1975 and attempt to demonstrate how the past (of traditional culture and music, including re/invented national values) is being transformed in the present or, rather, how history fuses with the present time.

中文翻译：

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民俗主义是国家的发明

摘要 民俗主义被视为文化变迁的一个组成部分。这篇文章的目的是展示民族和音乐学家、民俗学家、音乐教师、广播员和其他人如何在 20 世纪根本性变革时期影响传统农民文化，以及他们如何对其记录、理解和理解做出贡献。新含义的发明，包括波兰民间传说的波兰化。本综述旨在举例说明这一过程。每个欧洲国家在这方面都有自己的历史。正文由三部分组成。第一，民俗与社会历史相对；第二个是献给几代民族音乐学家的；第三个致力于音乐传统的当代功能和民族音乐学家的作用，重点是应用民族音乐学。