ABSTRACT The First World War, 1914-1918, was sudden and took everyone by surprise. After the retreat of the British Expeditionary Force with great loss of life in August 1914, it became evident that many more men would be needed to fight. The Derby Scheme of 1915 for voluntary enlistment, failed to recruit enough men and in March 1916 the Liberal Government reluctantly introduced conscription under the Military Service Act. The majority of eligible men enlisted but some, Conscientious Objectors, refused on grounds of religion or political beliefs. Their only way to contest the call up was to go before a local Military Service Tribunal who would decide if they were eligible to be exempt, given a non-combatant role or ordered to join a regiment. Using local studies of the men who refused to fight, this article examines the extent of conscientious objection in Nottinghamshire.

中文翻译：

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出于良心拒服兵役者：1914-18 年间未能通过武力呼吁的诺丁汉郡人

摘要 1914 年至 1918 年的第一次世界大战突如其来，令所有人大吃一惊。1914 年 8 月英国远征军撤退并造成大量人员伤亡后，很明显需要更多的人去战斗。1915 年自愿入伍的德比计划未能招募足够的人员，1916 年 3 月，自由政府不情愿地根据《兵役法》引入了征兵制度。大多数符合条件的人应征入伍，但一些出于良心拒服兵役者以宗教或政治信仰为由拒绝入伍。他们对征召提出异议的唯一方法是前往当地的军事服务法庭，由该法庭决定他们是否有资格获得豁免、担任非战斗人员或被命令加入一个团。利用当地对拒绝战斗的人的研究，