ABSTRACT It is well known that Nottingham was one of the most densely built and overcrowded towns in Victorian England. Following the enclosure, 1845-65, green spaces, including public parks, had to be provided in the new suburbs. This article looks at the creation of parks in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to show how a combination of government policies, local authority commitment to providing open spaces and recreation grounds, and philanthropic involvement, led to the post-1845 town and its newly created suburbs having numerous accessible green spaces. This provision has, in turn, impacted on how the modern city has evolved, and the article suggests that this is important for our understanding of urban development more generally. The paper notes the impact of more recent development where large swathes of working class housing, with few or no green spaces, has been swept away and replaced by a significantly greener environment.

中文翻译：

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诺丁汉 19 世纪和 20 世纪的公园和城市发展

摘要 众所周知，诺丁汉是维多利亚时代英格兰建筑最密集、人满为患的城镇之一。在 1845-65 年围墙之后，必须在新郊区提供绿地，包括公园。本文着眼于 19 世纪和 20 世纪公园的创建，以展示政府政策、地方当局对提供开放空间和休闲场所的承诺以及慈善事业的共同作用，如何导致 1845 年后的城镇及其新建的郊区拥有众多无障碍绿地。这一规定反过来又影响了现代城市的演变方式，文章认为这对我们更广泛地理解城市发展很重要。这篇论文指出了近期发展的影响，即大量工人阶级住房，