ABSTRACT In this paper, we claim that the policy of targeting female-headed households’ (FHHs) may generate bias against women in male-headed households (MHHs) who may be more poverty-constrained. Targeting FHHs may have the merit of clear targeting; however, it doesn’t address the feminization phenomenon of poverty; instead, it presents unequal opportunities for women in other families by less favouring them. We argue that proper targeting could be derived based on the number of women in families. The study applied a Gender-Based Poverty Detection Model to provide a good detection of household poverty and show that the vulnerable characteristics of females could be more influenced by the general household’s poverty than females’ headed households. Model results showed that not all FHHs are poor, and that some de jure MHHs include a large number of poor females. This means that targeting only de jure FHHs might result in resource leakage to the non-poor and under-coverage of poor de facto FHHs and poor females in MHHs. The analysis asserts that female headship is not always a correlate of poverty in Egypt. An important correlate, however, is the share of female members in the household. This raises questions about the effectiveness of social assistance and poverty alleviation programmes in Egypt in targeting female poverty.

中文翻译：

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在埃及，以女性为户主的家庭转移对性别有何偏见？

摘要在本文中，我们认为针对女性户主家庭（FHH）的政策可能会对偏于贫困的男性户主家庭（MHHs）中的女性产生偏见。目标FHH可能具有明确目标的优点；但是，它没有解决贫穷的女性化现象。取而代之的是，它通过减少对其他家庭的支持，为其他家庭的妇女提供了不平等的机会。我们认为，可以根据家庭中妇女的人数得出适当的目标。该研究应用于基于性别的贫困检测模型，以提供对家庭贫困的良好检测，并表明，女性的脆弱特征比普通户主的家庭受普通家庭贫困的影响更大。模型结果表明，并非所有的FHH都较差，并且某些法律上的MHH包括大量贫困女性。这意味着仅针对法律上的FHH可能会导致资源泄漏给贫困的事实FHH和MHH中的贫困女性的非贫困和覆盖不足。分析断言，在埃及，女性头衔并不总是与贫困相关。但是，一个重要的相关因素是家庭中女性成员的比例。这就提出了关于埃及社会援助和减贫方案在针对女性贫困方面的有效性的疑问。是家庭中女性成员的比例。这就提出了关于埃及社会援助和减贫方案在针对女性贫困方面的有效性的疑问。是家庭中女性成员的比例。这就提出了关于埃及社会援助和减贫方案在针对女性贫困方面的有效性的疑问。