THIS PAPER EXAMINES the archaeological evidence for hand spinning in medieval Britain from c 1200 to c 1500. Ceramic, stone and baked clay spindle whorls have dominated the excavated finds, but a new corpus of lead-alloy spindle whorls, recorded through the Portable Antiquities Scheme and Scottish Treasure Trove, is presented here. Analysis of the metal whorls’ distribution, manufacture, dating and decoration is provided, illuminating the wide social and economic contexts in which they were used. From memento mori of pious spinners to sexually potent objects representative of lubricious gossips, the ubiquitous spindle whorl was a universal tool that had a powerful agency. The artefacts are small finds embodying daily life but also tie into the wider national economy of the High and Late Middle Ages.

中文翻译：

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纺纱：手工纺纱的考古证据及其社会影响，约 1200-1500 年

这篇论文研究了公元 1200 年到 1500 年间中世纪英国手纺的考古证据。陶瓷、石头和烤粘土纺锤轮在出土发现中占主导地位，但通过便携式古物计划记录的铅合金纺锤轮的新语料库和苏格兰宝藏，在这里展示。提供了对金属螺纹的分布、制造、年代和装饰的分析，阐明了使用它们的广泛的社会和经济背景。从虔诚的纺纱工的纪念品到代表流言蜚语的性强物品，无处不在的纺锤形螺纹是一种具有强大作用的通用工具。这些手工艺品是体现日常生活的小发现，但也与中世纪晚期和晚期更广泛的国民经济联系在一起。