THIS PAPER reviews the current state of research into the archaeology of the military orders. It contrasts the advances made by historians and archaeologists, with the latter continuing to focus on the particularism of individual sites, with an emphasis on architectural analyses. Historians have contributed new insights by adopting a supranational approach. This paper argues that archaeologists can build on this by adopting a more problem-oriented, comparative approach. Drawing on examples from frontier and heartland territories, archaeological approaches are subdivided into material investment, material identity and cultural landscapes, to place sites of the military orders within long-term, multi-scalar contexts. This contributes to a broader social and economic understanding of the orders, who contributed significantly to urbanisation, rural development and trade, and invested in material expressions of their authority and ideology. The paper concludes that more holistic, interregional approaches will move the archaeological study of the military orders forward.

中文翻译：

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军事命令的考古学：圣战的物质文化

本文回顾了军事命令考古学的研究现状。它与历史学家和考古学家取得的进步形成对比，后者继续关注个别遗址的特殊性，并强调建筑分析。历史学家通过采用超国家的方法贡献了新的见解。本文认为，考古学家可以在此基础上采用更面向问题的比较方法。借鉴边境和中心地带的例子，考古方法被细分为物质投资、物质身份和文化景观，将军事命令的遗址置于长期、多尺度的环境中。这有助于更广泛的社会和经济理解订单，他们对​​城市化做出了重大贡献，农村发展和贸易，并投资于其权威和意识形态的物质表达。该论文的结论是，更全面的、跨区域的方法将推动军事命令的考古研究向前发展。