Notwithstanding the adoption of various anti-poaching strategies, rhino and elephant poaching levels are increasingly growing in Southern African. To protect wildlife, the government of Botswana has devised and implemented controversial ‘shoot to kill’ policy against poachers. This strategy appears to be working in reducing poaching which is thought to be ‘virtually non-existent’ in Botswana. Thus the neighbouring countries have resorted to relocate their rhino populations to Botswana. This paper discusses the militarisation of conservation generally as a policy alternative. It makes an in-depth assessment of Botswana’s shoot-to-kill policy. This article adopts an exploratory research method to review the relevant literature in investigating the effectiveness of Botswana’s shoot-to-kill policy. It investigates whether this policy can be adopted by other countries particularly South Africa to combat poaching. This policy analysis is important for South Africa as it has been forced to transfer or migrate a substantial number of rhinos to Botswana.

中文翻译：

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靠枪杀人生存，靠枪杀人：对博茨瓦纳“以杀而杀”政策作为反偷猎策略的分析

尽管采取了各种反偷猎策略，但南部非洲的犀牛和大象偷猎水平却越来越高。为了保护野生动植物，博茨瓦纳政府制定并实施了针对偷猎者的有争议的“射杀”政策。这种策略似乎正在减少偷猎，博茨瓦纳认为这种偷猎实际上“不存在”。因此，邻国纷纷将其犀牛种群迁至博茨瓦纳。本文讨论了将保护军事化作为一种​​政策选择。它对博茨瓦纳的“射杀”政策进行了深入评估。本文采用探索性研究方法来回顾相关文献，以调查博茨瓦纳的射击杀人政策的有效性。它调查了其他国家（尤其是南非）是否可以采取这项政策来打击盗猎。这项政策分析对南非很重要，因为它被迫将大量犀牛转移或迁移到博茨瓦纳。