Over the past two centuries, the police have perpetrated massacres in response to protest action in numerous countries. Available scholarly literature has typically focused on the circumstances that contributed to such mass killings, but rarely has there been consideration of the impact that such massacres subsequently may have had on the police organisation. Hence, this article will explore the relationship between massacres perpetrated by the police and police reform, with a particular focus on South Africa. The article concludes that, in the context of public order policing, massacres perpetuated by the police can contribute towards relatively immediate police reforms, particularly in terms of police strategies and tactics. In some circumstances, massacres have even led to some restructuring of the police organisation. The nature of the government and the policing environment appeared to be key determinants of the types of police reforms, post-massacre.

中文翻译：

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大屠杀和有计划的措施：警察大屠杀对南非警察改革的影响

在过去的两个世纪中，警察对许多国家的抗议行动进行了屠杀。现有的学术文献通常集中于造成这种大规模屠杀的情况，但很少考虑到这种屠杀随后可能对警察组织造成的影响。因此，本文将探讨警察大屠杀与警察改革之间的关系，特别是针对南非。该文章的结论是，在维持公共秩序警务的背景下，警察的大屠杀可以促进相对近期的警察改革，特别是在警察战略和战术方面。在某些情况下，屠杀甚至导致了警察组织的一些重组。