Recent research with human embryos, in different parts of the world, has sparked a new debate on the ethics of genetic human enhancement. This debate, however, has mainly focused on gene-editing technologies, especially CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats). Less attention has been given to the prospect of pursuing genetic human enhancement by means of IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation) in conjunction with in vitro gametogenesis, genome-wide association studies, and embryo selection. This article examines the different ethical implications of the quest for cognitive enhancement by means of gene-editing on the one hand, and embryo selection on the other. The article focuses on the ethics of cognitive enhancement by means of embryo selection, as this technology is more likely to become commercially available before cognitive enhancement by means of gene-editing. This article argues that the philosophical debate on the ethics of enhancement should take into consideration public attitudes to research on human genomics and human enhancement technologies. The article discusses, then, some of the recent findings of the SIENNA Project, which in 2019 conducted a survey on public attitudes to human genomics and human enhancement technologies in 11 countries (France, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Brazil, South Africa, South Korea, and United States).

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基因认知增强的伦理学：基因编辑还是胚胎选择？

世界各地有关人类胚胎的最新研究引发了关于遗传人类增强伦理学的新辩论。然而，这场辩论主要集中在基因编辑技术上，尤其是CRISPR（聚类的规则间隔的短回文重复序列）。很少有人关注通过体外受精，体外全基因组关联研究和胚胎选择通过IVF（体外受精）进行基因人类增强的前景。本文探讨了一方面通过基因编辑，另一方面通过胚胎选择来寻求认知增强的不同伦理学意义。本文重点介绍通过选择胚胎来增强认知的伦理学，因为这项技术更有可能在通过基因编辑增强认知之前在市场上获得。本文认为，关于增强伦理学的哲学辩论应考虑公众对人类基因组学和人类增强技术研究的态度。然后，本文讨论了SIENNA项目的一些最新发现，该项目于2019年在11个国家（法国，德国，希腊，荷兰，波兰，西班牙，瑞典）对公众对人类基因组学和人类增强技术的态度进行了调查，巴西，南非，韩国和美国）。本文认为，关于增强伦理学的哲学辩论应考虑公众对人类基因组学和人类增强技术研究的态度。然后，本文讨论了SIENNA项目的一些最新发现，该项目于2019年在11个国家（法国，德国，希腊，荷兰，波兰，西班牙，瑞典）对公众对人类基因组学和人类增强技术的态度进行了调查，巴西，南非，韩国和美国）。本文认为，关于增强伦理学的哲学辩论应考虑公众对人类基因组学和人类增强技术研究的态度。然后，本文讨论了SIENNA项目的一些最新发现，该项目于2019年在11个国家（法国，德国，希腊，荷兰，波兰，西班牙，瑞典）对公众对人类基因组学和人类增强技术的态度进行了调查，巴西，南非，韩国和美国）。