Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the coinciding anticipation timing (CAT), reaction time and dynamic balance performances of American football players according to their playing positions. Material: Thirty-five American football players, who train at least 3 days a week, and compete in Universities Protected Football 1st League, participated in this study, voluntarily. The players were divided into two playing positions: offensive (17 players, mean age: 20.76 ± 1.30 years) and defensive (18 players, mean age: 21.94 ± 2.87 years). The CAT at different stimulus speeds (6 mph, 12 mph), reaction time (visual, auditory, mixed), and dynamic balance performance (anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, perimeter lenght) were measured in the laboratory environment. The CAT, reaction time, and dynamic balance performance of players were determined by Bassin Anticipation Timer, Newtest 1000, and Technobody Prokin-200, respectively. Results: The data obtained were analyzed in SPSS (20.0) program. Firstly, the raw data for CAT performance (6mph, 12 mph) were converted to absolute error score. According to Shapiro-Wilk test result, the all data showed normal distribution. Independent Sample t test was used to determine the differences between the two playing positions. In addition, the effect size between the two playing positions was calculated in parameters with showing significant differences, and Cohen’s d (1988) values were taken into account. Compared with the defensive players (20.15±3.81 ms), the absolute error scores at fast stimulus speeds (12 mph) of offensive players (17.45±3.48 ms) was found to be significantly lower (t(33) =-2.181, p=.036). The visual reaction time of offensive players (318.11± 17.47 ms) was significantly shorter than defensive players (340.58± 32.60 ms, t(26322) =-2.560, p=.017). In terms of dynamic balance parameters such as perimeter lenght, anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral, there was no statistically significant difference between the playing positions (p>0.05). Conclusions: Perceptual-cognitive characteristics such as CAT, and reaction time performance differ according to the playing positions, and this difference may be related to the physical, and cognitive demands required by their playing positions.

中文翻译：

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美式足球球员在预期时间，反应时间和动态平衡方面的位置差异

目的：本研究的目的是根据美式足球球员的比赛位置来比较他们的一致预期时间（CAT），反应时间和动平衡表现。资料：35名美国足球运动员自愿参加了这项研究，他们每周接受至少3天的训练，并参加大学保护橄榄球联盟第1联赛。球员分为两个比赛位置：进攻型（17名球员，平均年龄：20.76±1.30岁）和防守型（18名球员，平均年龄：21.94±2.87岁）。在实验室环境中测量了不同刺激速度（6 mph，12 mph），反应时间（视觉，听觉，混合）和动态平衡性能（前后，内侧，外侧长度）下的CAT。CAT，反应时间，玩家的动态平衡性能由Bassin预期计时器，Newtest 1000和Technobody Prokin-200决定。结果：在SPSS（20.0）程序中分析获得的数据。首先，将CAT性能的原始数据（6mph，12mph）转换为绝对误差评分。根据Shapiro-Wilk测试结果，所有数据均呈正态分布。独立样本t检验用于确定两个演奏位置之间的差异。此外，两个演奏位置之间的效果大小是通过参数计算得出的，并且显示出显着差异，并且考虑了Cohen d（1988）的值。与防守队员（20.15±3.81 ms）相比，进攻队员的快速刺激速度（12 mph）的绝对误差得分（17.45±3）。48 ms）被发现明显更低（t（33）= -2.181，p = .036）。进攻球员的视觉反应时间（318.11±17.47 ms）明显短于防守球员（340.58±32.60 ms，t（26322）= -2.560，p = .017）。就动平衡参数而言，例如周长，前后，内侧和内侧，演奏位置之间没有统计学上的显着差异（p> 0.05）。结论：CAT等感官认知特征和反应时间表现根据比赛位置而异，这种差异可能与其比赛位置对身体和认知的要求有关。就动平衡参数而言，例如周长，前后，内侧和内侧，演奏位置之间没有统计学上的显着差异（p> 0.05）。结论：CAT等感官认知特征和反应时间表现根据比赛位置而异，这种差异可能与其比赛位置对身体和认知的要求有关。就动平衡参数而言，例如周长，前后，内侧和内侧，演奏位置之间没有统计学上的显着差异（p> 0.05）。结论：CAT等感官认知特征和反应时间表现根据比赛位置而异，这种差异可能与其比赛位置对身体和认知的要求有关。