In the past, animals and their products were prominent features of urban life. How people utilised these animals as well as their relationships has continually changed. For example, cats, dogs, pigs and other animals lived in close proximity to people in post-medieval urban centres and were viewed in terms of their functional affordances. Cats were kept to deter rodents and exploited for their fur, dogs were protectors of the home and pigs were not only food, but helped to reduce the amount of rubbish where they were kept. However, perceptions and treatment of urban animals were far from static. The emergent animal welfare movement and legislation heralded a change in the species and numbers of animals present in the urban environment and altered human-animal relationships. Now people are detached from ‘livestock’ (e.g. pigs), but have developed closer bonds with compan ion animals (e.g. cats, dogs, etc.). In this article I will draw upon zooarchaeological and historical evidence in an attempt to show the timing of this transition and highlight some key factors in the accompanying shift in human-animal relation ships, while focusing more specifically on pet-keeping in a city context.

中文翻译：

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从害虫到宠物：英格兰中世纪后城市中心地区动物的社会和文化观念（公元1500年至1900年）

过去，动物及其产品是城市生活的重要特征。人们如何利用这些动物以及它们之间的关系一直在变化。例如，猫，狗，猪和其他动物居住在中世纪后城市中心的人们附近，并根据其功能能力进行了观察。猫被用来阻止啮齿动物，并被剥夺皮毛，狗被当作家庭的保护者，而猪不仅是食物，还有助于减少它们所饲养的垃圾量。但是，对城市动物的认识和治疗远非一成不变。新兴的动物福利运动和立法预示着城市环境中动物种类和数量的变化以及人畜关系的改变。现在人们脱离了“牲畜”（例如猪），但与同伴动物（如猫，狗等）之间建立了更紧密的联系。在本文中，我将利用动物考古学和历史证据来试图说明这种转变的时机，并着重指出伴随人类-动物关系的船舶发生转变的一些关键因素，同时更着重于城市环境中的宠物饲养。