The prevalence of airway dysfunction in elite swimmers is among the highest in elite athletes. The traditional view that swimmers naturally gravitate toward swimming because of preexisting respiratory disorders has been challenged. There is now sufficient evidence that the higher prevalence of bronchial tone disorders in elite swimmers is not the result of a natural selection bias. Rather, the combined effects of repeated chlorine by-product exposure and chronic endurance training can lead to airway dysfunction and atopy. This review will detail the underpinning causes of airway dysfunction observed in elite swimmers. It will also show that airway dysfunction does not prevent success in elite level swimming. Neither does it inhibit lung growth and might be partially reversible when elite swimmers retire from competition.

中文翻译：

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精英游泳者的气道功能障碍：患病率，影响和挑战

在精英游泳运动员中，气道功能障碍的患病率最高。游泳者由于预先存在的呼吸系统疾病而自然倾向于游泳的传统观点受到了挑战。现在有足够的证据表明，精英游泳者中支气管张力障碍的较高患病率并不是自然选择偏见的结果。相反，反复接触氯副产物和长期耐力训练的综合作用会导致气道功能障碍和特应性。这篇综述将详细介绍在精英游泳者中观察到的气道功能障碍的根本原因。这也将表明，气道功能障碍并不能阻止精英水平游泳的成功。它也不会抑制肺部生长，并且在精英游泳运动员退出比赛时可能会部分逆转。