We studied changes in blood markers of 18 nonprofessional, middle-aged runners of a 2-day, 130 km ultramarathon. Blood was sampled at baseline, after the goals on the first and second day, and at three time points (1, 3, and 5/6 days) after the race. Blood indices showed three patterns. First pattern indices showed essentially no changes after the two goals and after the race, including red blood cell indices, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Second pattern markers, including the majority of indices, were elevated during the race (and also after the race for some parameters) and then returned to baseline afterward, including hemolysis/red blood cell destruction markers (indirect bilirubin) and an iron reservoir index (ferritin), muscle damage parameters (uric acid, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase), renal function markers (creatinine and blood urea nitrogen), liver injury index (alanine aminotransferase), lipid metabolism indices (free fatty acid), reactive oxygen species and inflammation parameters (white blood cells, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein), and energy production and catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine). Third pattern index of a lipid metabolism marker – triglyceride – decreased during the race periods and started returning to baseline from then onward. Some hormonal markers such as insulin, leptin, and adiponectin showed unique patterns. These findings appeared informative for nonprofessional athletes to know about an optimal physical activity level, duration, and total exercise for elevating physical performance and monitoring physical/mental conditioning as well as for prevention of overtraining and physical injuries.

中文翻译：

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2天超级马拉松前后，期间和之后血液生化指标的变化

我们研究了为期2天的130公里超级马拉松的18位非职业中年跑步者的血液标志物变化。在比赛的第一天和第二天，以及在比赛后的三个时间点（1、3和5/6天），在基线时，在基线时，在基线时采集血液。血液指数显示三种模式。在两个目标和比赛之后，第一模式指数基本没有变化，包括红细胞指数，γ-谷氨酰转移酶和肿瘤坏死因子-α。第二模式标记，包括大多数指标，在比赛期间（以及某些参数比赛之后）升高，随后又返回基线，包括溶血/红细胞破坏指标（间接胆红素）和铁储库指标（铁蛋白），肌肉损伤参数（尿酸，肌酸激酶，乳酸脱氢酶，和天冬氨酸转氨酶），肾功能标志物（肌酐和血尿素氮），肝损伤指数（丙氨酸氨基转移酶），脂质代谢指数（游离脂肪酸），活性氧和炎症参数（白细胞，白介素6和C） -反应蛋白），能量产生和儿茶酚胺（肾上腺素，去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺）。脂质代谢标志物的第三模式指数-甘油三酸酯-在比赛期间下降，并从那时起开始返回基线。一些激素标记，例如胰岛素，瘦素和脂联素显示出独特的模式。这些发现对于非职业运动员了解最佳体育锻炼水平，持续时间，