Abstract The study focuses on the process of being aware of own I in children acquiring Slovak language at an early age and living in a Slovak family. The aim of the research is to understand the process of acquiring the means by which children refer to themselves in the interaction with an adult person. The research uses the qualitative longitudinal method of individual case study. A child’s speech is researched from the very first occurrence of a self-reference mean in 16th month up to the upper limit of early age (36th month) and all that is based on audio-visual records transcripts. The following are researched: (a) succession of self-reference means acquisition in early childhood, (b) function of self-reference linguistic means, (c) process of child’s self-awareness. The results obtained based on the linguistic data in Slovak language are compared with the results of similarly focused researches in English, French, Polish, Russian and Bulgarian language. The research reveals some constants in the development of self-reference instruments that can be observed throughout various language-cultural environments. The research is a part of solutions within the grant project VEGA 1/0099/16 Personal and Social Deixis in Slovak Language.

中文翻译：

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讲斯洛伐克语的儿童早期演讲中的自我参照

摘要该研究的重点是在幼儿学习斯洛伐克语并生活在斯洛伐克家庭中的儿童中了解自己的语言的过程。该研究的目的是了解获得与成人互动时儿童自我介绍的方式的过程。本研究采用个案研究的定性纵向方法。从第16个月首次出现自指平均值到最高年龄上限（第36个月）开始研究儿童的言语，所有这些都是基于视听记录的笔录。研究了以下内容：（a）自我参照是指儿童早期的习得；（b）自我参照语言手段的功能；（c）儿童自我意识的过程。将基于斯洛伐克语的语言数据获得的结果与针对英语，法语，波兰语，俄语和保加利亚语的类似重点研究的结果进行比较。这项研究揭示了在各种语言文化环境中可以观察到的自我参照工具发展中的一些常数。该研究是斯洛伐克语项目VEGA 1/0099/16 Personal and Social Deixis（斯洛伐克语个人和社交语言）的资助项目中解决方案的一部分。