ABSTRACT In recent years, Europe’s highest courts have searched for the answer to the problem of intermediary liability in the notion of a ‘fair balance’ between competing fundamental rights. At the same time, the ‘notice-and-takedown’ system, which first emerged as a solution to intermediary liability in the 1990s, has spread across the globe, transforming along the way into an assortment of ‘notice-and-action’ variants that differ from country to country. In this article, we seek to examine how both these approaches to the intermediary liability question can be usefully combined. Interpreting ‘fair balance’ as a call for compromise, we propose a move away from the traditional ‘horizontal’ approach of the EU's safe harbour regime, towards a more ‘vertical’ scheme, whereby distinct ‘actions’ are tailored to diverse wrong-doings: notice-and-notice for copyright, notice-wait-and-takedown for defamation and notice-and-takedown and notice-and-suspension for hate speech. Notice-and-judicial-take-down can function as a complementary all-purpose solution. Automatic takedown and notice-and-stay-down are applicable exclusively to child pornography. We suggest that the resulting calibrated system can contribute to achieving a truer ‘fair balance’ in this difficult area of law.

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公告与公平平衡：如何在欧洲中介责任的基本权利之间达成妥协

摘要近年来，欧洲最高法院一直在寻找相互竞争的基本权利之间的“公平平衡”概念，以寻求中介责任问题的答案。同时，“通知和撤诉”系统最初在1990年代作为中介责任的一种解决方案而出现，并已遍及全球，并逐渐演变成各种“通知和行动”变体。因国家而异。在本文中，我们试图研究如何将这两种解决中间责任问题的方法有效地结合起来。我们将“公平平衡”解释为要求妥协的解释，建议从欧盟安全港制度的传统“水平”方法转向更“垂直”的方案，从而针对不同的错误行为量身定制不同的“行动” ：版权的通知和通知，诽谤的通知等待和删除，仇恨言论的通知和暂停以及通知和暂停。通知书和司法书摘可以作为补充性的通用解决方案。自动删除和通知和停留日期仅适用于儿童色情制品。我们建议，由此产生的经过校准的系统可以在这个困难的法律领域为实现更真实的“公平平衡”做出贡献。