ABSTRACT In this article, we estimate the user substitutability and complementarity of media by using media diary data on the media use of individuals over the course of three days. Fixed-effects panel data models allow us to eliminate possible bias due to individual-specific media use propensity. We observe significant substitution among paper, television, and computer use, while telephone and computer use seem to be complementary in time of use. The magnitudes of substitutability and complementarity become larger if we control for subscriptions or the possession of media devices. For specific actions and purposes of use, there is substitutability within a smaller set of media. Televisions and computers exhibit substitutability for watching real-time television, cameras act as substitutes for video devices for viewing movies/videos, paper and computers exhibit substitutability for reading news articles, and computers and telephones substitute for one another in using informative content.

中文翻译：

---

新媒体取代旧媒体吗？：日常媒体使用的面板分析

摘要 在本文中，我们通过使用关于个人在三天内使用媒体的媒体日记数据来估计媒体的用户替代性和互补性。固定效应面板数据模型使我们能够消除由于特定于个人的媒体使用倾向而可能产生的偏差。我们观察到纸张、电视和计算机使用之间的显着替代，而电话和计算机的使用似乎在使用时间上是互补的。如果我们控制订阅或媒体设备的拥有，可替代性和互补性的程度就会变得更大。对于特定的操作和使用目的，在较小的一组媒体中存在可替代性。电视和计算机表现出观看实时电视的可替代性，相机充当观看电影/视频的视频设备的替代品，