Drawing up a synthesis on the prehistory of an archipelago and its lithic assemblages is not an easy thing because of the vastness of the island space with a total surface of two millions km2, and because the notion of Palaeolithic is inapplicable, especially the “Upper Palaeolithic” or “Epipalaeolithic-Mesolithic” used for Western Eurasia. Indonesia and its myriad of islands and islets (about 18,000) are part of a 5,000 km by 2,000 km rectangle on both sides of the equator, making it the largest archipelago in the world. This immense geographical area stretching over a maritime area of about 6 million km2, does not allow us today to treat exhaustively all industrial groups, facies or prehistoric cultures. For this reason we will only discuss the main ones. Indonesia occupies a privileged place for the history of fossil men, which makes it unavoidable in the knowledge of the variability of the behavior of hominids in inter-tropical context. The aim of this is to present a critical and objective overview on the various known methods for knapping stone for the last 1 million year on the main islands and in the sites with well established and well dated stratigraphy. Few technocomplexes are well defined before the Holocene, a period when the insularity of this geographical area was set by rising sea level which progressively marked the beginning of the history of the insulindian archipelagos. These include the "Toalian" in Sulawesi (facies with points), the "Sampungian" (facies with points) and Song Keplek or “Keplekian” flake industries (orthogonal debitage) in the eastern part of the Java Island. Other than these three technical traditions which remain recognizable on a typo-technological level, most of the other materials encountered do not correspond to distinct facies associated with specific tools. As a general rule, the Upper Pleistocene and Indonesian Holocene lithic industries respond to a basic production of flakes and flake tools with multiple regional variants. The debitage mode is very largely made with hard stone direct percussion, non Levallois, rarely Discoid, and with no blade-bladelet productions as seen in Western Europe or in the Near and Middle East. Unlike continental South-East Asia, where it is even more difficult to discern an Early, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic due to the continuity of industries all made on pebble (Hoabinhian and others), Indonesia (which becomes insular during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition) presents an unprecedented heterogeneity of lithic assemblages. That is to say, a diversity in the lithic production methods according to different chaines operatoires for shaping (pebble, Sampung type point, biface, etc.) or for debitage (discoid, orthogonal and laminar). The purpose of this article is to summarize the main lithic assemblages of the Indonesian Archipelago based on a selection of islands on which lithic assemblages have been properly documented. Our focus will be on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan (Borneo), Sulawesi, and other more oriental ones, which, like Timor and Flores, have in recent years provided major discoveries in Palaeoanthropology and in Prehistory. We have been forced to make regional and chronological divisions (Early-Middle Pleistocene and Late Final Pleistocene - Early Holocene) in order to better present this review on lithic assemblages that have not all been the subject of in-depth technological studies, especially from the chaine operatoire concept point of view.

中文翻译：

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印度尼西亚的阿奇普尔制片厂

在群岛的史前时期及其石质组合上进行综合并不是一件容易的事，因为总面积为200万平方千米的广阔岛屿空间，而且由于旧石器时代的概念不适用，特别是“旧石器时代” ”或“欧亚大陆上的旧石器时代-中石器时代”。印度尼西亚及其无数的岛屿和小岛（约18,000个）是赤道两侧5,000公里x 2,000公里矩形的一部分，使其成为世界上最大的群岛。这个巨大的地理区域覆盖了约600万平方公里的海洋区域，因此，今天我们还无法彻底对待所有工业集团，相貌或史前文化。因此，我们将仅讨论主要内容。印尼在化石人类的历史上享有特权，这使得在热带环境下人类的行为变化的知识不可避免。这样做的目的是对主要岛屿以及地层良好且年代久远的地点过去一百万年间各种已知的石块打磨方法进行批判性和客观的概述。在全新世之前，很少有技术复杂的东西被很好地定义，在这个时期，这个地理区域的孤立性是由不断上升的海平面设定的，渐进地标志着胰岛素群岛的历史。这些包括苏拉威西岛上的“ Toalian”（带点的相），“ Sampungian”（带点的相）和爪哇岛东部的Song Keplek或“ Keplekian”片状产业（正交借记）。除了在打字技术水平上仍然可以识别的这三种技术传统之外，遇到的大多数其他材料并不对应于与特定工具相关的不同相。通常，上更新世和印尼全新世的石器工业对薄片和具有多种区域变体的薄片工具的基本生产作出反应。借记方式很大程度上是由硬石直接打击乐器制成，没有Levallois，很少有盘状，并且没有像在西欧或在近东和中东所看到的那样生产叶片式叶片。与东南亚大陆地区不同，在该地区，由于卵石上的全部工业（Hoabinhian等）的连续性，要辨别旧石器时代的早期，中部和上部更加困难，印度尼西亚（在更新世-全新世过渡期间成为孤岛）呈现出史无前例的石器组合异质性。就是说，根据成型（卵石，Sampung型尖，双面等）或用于借记（盘状，正交和层状）的不同链操作，石器制造方法的多样性。本文的目的是根据已正确记录了石器组合的一些岛屿，总结印度尼西亚群岛的主要石器组合。我们的重点是苏门答腊岛，爪哇岛，加里曼丹岛（婆罗洲岛），苏拉威西岛以及其他一些较东方的岛国，例如帝汶和弗洛雷斯岛，近年来在古人类学和史前史上提供了重大发现。