The Oscurusciuto rock shelter (Ginosa, Puglia, southern Italy) is a Middle Palaeolithic site characterized by a significant stratigraphy made up by several anthropic levels. The stratigraphic unit 13, consisting of a sandy compact deposit mixed with pyroclastic sediment, is a short palimpsest situated on a layer of tephra, identified as Mt. Epomeo green tuff (dated Ar/Ar ~ 55 ka BP). From a technological point of view, the aims of the production were backed flakes, convergent flakes, and other flakes obtained by means of a Levallois debitage, plus (less represented) bladelets produced by an additional volumetric reduction system. Our aim in this research was to examine a selection of the above-mentioned target objects produced by debitage in order to understand the manufacture and life-cycle of each single tool from a dynamic perspective. We integrated techno-functional and use-wear analyses: the first was implemented to globally comprehend each tool, identifying each single techno-functional unity (prehensile and transformative portions), whereas the second revealed the way in which these tools had been used, proceeding to identify the activity involved (e.g., piercing, cutting and/or scraping), and the type of material (vegetable/animal, soft/hard) on which these activities had been carried out. The combined use of these two approaches allows us to ascertain the intention of the prehistoric craftsmen, the gestures and procedures involved in making the tools, and the way they had been used. From one single object we are thus able to reconstruct a series of complex behaviours, encompassing the creation, the life-cycle and finally the ‘death’ or repurposing of the tool in question.

中文翻译：

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中古石器时代的石器工具：意大利南部Oscurusciuto岩石掩体中SU 13的目标物体的技术功能和使用磨损分析

Oscurusciuto岩石掩体（意大利南部普利亚的吉诺萨）是中石器时代遗址，其特征是由几个人类活动层组成的重要地层。地层单元13由砂质致密沉积物与火山碎屑沉积物混合而成，是位于特菲拉层（称为Mt. Epomeo绿色凝灰岩（日期Ar / Ar〜55 ka BP）。从技术的角度来看，生产的目的是背衬薄片，会聚薄片和通过Levallois借记获得的其他薄片，以及由附加的体积减少系统生产的（较少代表）小叶片。我们在这项研究中的目的是检查通过借记产生的上述目标对象的选择，以便从动态角度了解每个工具的制造和生命周期。我们整合了技术功能和使用磨损分析：第一个功能是实现全局性地理解每个工具，识别每个技术功能的统一性（全面性和变革性部分），而第二个功能则揭示了这些工具的使用方式，以确定涉及的活动（例如，穿孔，切割和/或刮擦），以及进行这些活动的材料类型（蔬菜/动物，软/硬）。这两种方法的组合使用使我们能够确定史前工匠的意图，制作工具所涉及的手势和程序以及使用方法。因此，我们可以从单个对象中重建一系列复杂的行为，包括工具的创建，生命周期以及最终的“死亡”或重新使用。