Blade debitage is a characteristic production pattern of specific periods and regions during Prehistory. In South America, it is well documented in Argentina, in contexts dating back to early Holocene. In Brazil, it was unknown until 2006, when it was found in three archaeological sites (ACH-LP-01, ACH-LP-03, ALP-AA-03) in the Foz do Chapeco area, upper Uruguay River, South Brazil, in layers from early Holocene. It was associated there with a great variety of other production systems: bifacial shaping of projectile points and large tools, unipolar debitage of large flakes, bipolar debitage of tiny flakes. Silicified sandstone, chalcedony and hyaline quartz are the main used raw materials. To this day, only the products of this debitage, the blades, had been discovered. Cores were lacking, which prevented a complete understanding of the flaking process. Due to the resumption of research in the region from 2013, it was possible to find those cores during surveys in the two following archaeological sites: ACH-LP-07 and RS-URG-01, located on both sides of the Uruguay river, near the mouth of the Chapeco river. We describe in this article five of these cores (4 from ACH-LP-07 and 1 from RS-URG-01). Their analyses demonstrate that this blade debitage complies with only one concept. The core volumetric structure that is the result of this concept displays the following features: 1) Cores have two surfaces: a flat back and a convex but relatively flattened flaking surface, so that they have a general “D” shaped transversal section. At one end, a small surface acts as striking platform during the production of the blades; 2) Debitage begins with a initialization phase of the core during which the striking platform is produced by a large removal. According to the natural properties of the initial volume, the back of the core is obtained either during the selection of the blank, and then it is left in his natural state, or by a preparation by one or more large transversal removals. When present, the scars of the initialization phase of the flaking surface indicate the use of a centripetal method. This preparation is made possible by the acute angle of the peripheral ridge formed by the intersection of the back and the flaking surface ; 3) Blades are always produced by a unidirectional parallel method. Production variability is mainly related to the flaking technique: both internal percussion by stone and marginal percussion by organic percussor were used to get the blades. Technical information provided by the cores are complementary and in accordance with those from the previous analyses of the blades from the same area. With these two studies it was possible to reach a relatively exhaustive understanding of this production system in the upper Uruguay River during early Holocene, the only well documented blade debitage in Brazil known until now. Future research will explore the interactions between this production and the other debitage and shaping methods inside this early Holocene technological system. To do this, we will develop a comprehensive study of all lithic artefacts from the archaeological layers in which blade production was identified. In a wider scale, a comparative approach with Argentinian and Uruguayan prehistoric blade productions will allow to better understand the development of the blade phenomenon in the southern cone of South America.

中文翻译：

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巴西的Debitagem层流实验室：Habemus核！

刀片借记是史前时期特定时期和地区的典型生产方式。在南美，早在全新世的背景下在阿根廷就有记载。在巴西，直到2006年才发现它，当时在巴西南乌拉圭河上的Foz do Chapeco地区的三个考古遗址（ACH-LP-01，ACH-LP-03，ALP-AA-03）中发现了它，始于全新世。它与多种其他生产系统相关联：弹头和大型工具的双面成形，大片状的单极借记，小片状的双极借记。硅化砂岩，玉髓和透明石英是主要使用的原材料。迄今为止，仅发现了这种借记的产品，即刀片。缺乏核心，从而无法完全理解剥落过程。由于该地区从2013年开始恢复研究，因此有可能在以下两个考古地点的调查中找到这些核心：ACH-LP-07和RS-URG-01，位于乌拉圭河两岸，附近Chapeco河的河口。我们在本文中描述了其中五个核心（ACH-LP-07中的四个和RS-URG-01中的一个）。他们的分析表明，这种刀片借记仅符合一个概念。作为该概念的结果，芯的体积结构具有以下特征：1）芯具有两个表面：平坦的背面和凸出但相对平坦的剥落表面，因此它们具有大体上“ D”形的横截面。一方面，一小块表面在叶片生产过程中充当打击平台。2）扣款开始于岩心的初始化阶段，在此阶段，通过大量拆除生产打击平台。根据初始体积的自然特性，可以在选择坯料的过程中获得岩心的背面，然后将其保持其自然状态，或者通过一个或多个大的横向切除量进行准备。当存在时，剥落表面的初始化阶段的疤痕表明使用向心法。通过背面和剥落表面的交点形成的外围脊的锐角，可以进行这种准备; 3）叶片始终通过单向平行方法生产。生产差异主要与剥落技术有关：石头使用内部打击乐器，有机打击乐器使用边缘打击乐器来获得叶片。核心提供的技术信息是互补的，并且与先前对同一地区的叶片的分析所得出的信息一致。通过这两项研究，有可能对全新世早期乌拉圭河上游的这一生产系统有一个较为详尽的了解，这是迄今为止已知的巴西唯一有据可查的叶片借支。未来的研究将探索这种生产与早期全新世技术系统内部其他借记和成形方法之间的相互作用。为此，我们将对发现了叶片生产的考古层中的所有石器物进行全面研究。在更大范围内