ABSTRACT Excavations at the findspot of the Deskford carnyx, a major piece of Iron Age decorated metalwork found in a bog in the early nineteenth century, revealed a special location with a long history. Early Neolithic activity on the adjacent ridge consisted of massive postholes and pits, suggesting a ceremonial site. An Early Bronze Age cremation became the focus for a feasting event in the Middle Bronze Age. Around this time, peat began to form in the valley, with vessels of pot and wood smashed and deposited there; these activities on ridge and bog may be connected. Activity in the bog intensified in the later Iron Age, when offerings included quartz pebbles, the dismantled carnyx head, and two unusual animal bone deposits. The ridge was cut off at this period by a complex enclosure system. This Iron Age activity is interpreted as communal rituals at a time of increasing social tension. The site’s significance in this period may stem from its unusual landscape character, with flowing water to one side and a bog to the other. The area saw occasional activity in the Early Medieval period, but its significance had waned.

中文翻译：

---

Carnyx 的背景：在苏格兰东北部马里德克福德 Leitchestown 的一个长寿仪式遗址的挖掘

摘要 在 19 世纪初在沼泽中发现的铁器时代装饰的主要金属制品德斯福卡尼克斯发现点的挖掘揭示了一个历史悠久的特殊地点。相邻山脊上的新石器时代早期活动由大量柱孔和坑组成，表明这是一个仪式场所。青铜时代早期的火葬成为青铜时代中期盛宴的焦点。大约在这个时候，泥炭开始在山谷中形成，罐子和木头的容器被砸碎并沉积在那里。山脊和沼泽上的这些活动可能是相互关联的。在铁器时代后期，沼泽中的活动愈演愈烈，祭品包括石英卵石、被拆除的carnyx 头部和两个不寻常的动物骨骼沉积物。在此期间，山脊被复杂的围护系统切断。这种铁器时代的活动被解释为社会紧张局势加剧时的公共仪式。该遗址在这一时期的重要性可能源于其不寻常的景观特征，一侧是流水，另一侧是沼泽。该地区在中世纪早期偶尔会出现活动，但其重要性已经减弱。