Abstract Today, coastal cities face mounting pressures to plan for increased exposure to chronic flooding, and ultimately significant sea level rise. The required investments in urban adaptation are inherently expensive, uncertain and long-term. These factors pose significant challenges for both effective choice and collective action. This paper argues that metropolitan ‘resilience districts’ offer the appropriate decision-making unit (DMU) to analyze, plan and implement resilience strategies. The working concept of ‘resilience districts’ for urban areas vulnerable to coastal flooding was first coined by a design team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology spurred by a case study on the New Jersey Meadowlands from the ‘Rebuild By Design’ (RBD) competition. Cities have since begun using this term for their own resilience policies, failing to recognize the original intentions of its meaning. This analysis details a resilience districting strategy for the Greater Boston Metropolitan Area. The research culminates with a generalizable urban planning and design framework for protecting critical infrastructure, ‘thickening’ regional soft systems and transferring density to less vulnerable areas. The overall theme emphasizes landscape as a critical public safety service.

中文翻译：

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将弹性区理论化：基于设计的沿海气候变化适应决策

摘要 如今，沿海城市面临着越来越大的压力，需要制定计划以应对慢性洪水的增加，并最终导致海平面显着上升。城市适应所需的投资本质上是昂贵的、不确定的和长期的。这些因素对有效选择和集体行动都构成了重大挑战。本文认为，大都市“弹性区”提供了适当的决策单元 (DMU) 来分析、规划和实施弹性策略。针对易受沿海洪灾影响的城市地区的“弹性区”的工作概念最初是由麻省理工学院的一个设计团队创造的，其灵感来自“按设计重建”(RBD) 竞赛对新泽西梅多兰兹的案例研究。从那以后，城市开始使用这个词来描述他们自己的弹性政策，未能认识到其含义的本意。该分析详细介绍了大波士顿都市区的弹性分区策略。该研究最终形成了一个可概括的城市规划和设计框架，用于保护关键基础设施、“加强”区域软系统并将密度转移到较不脆弱的地区。总体主题强调景观作为一项重要的公共安全服务。