Abstract During and after the First World War, Belgian landscape architect and planner Louis Van der Swaelmen attempted to develop a ‘sociobiological’ theory and practice of landscape architecture, urbanism and urbanization. Both in his writings and designs he combined biological approaches with sociopolitical concerns. In this article, I will focus on the ambitions and ambiguities of this approach. First, a history of ideas will show how the sociobiological theory of Van der Swaelmen was the outcome of an intermingling of the science of ethology and landscape theory. This trajectory culminated in the book Préliminaires d’art civique, in which he created a theory of urbanism based on the idea of urbanization as a process following biological laws, and an urban design approach based on geographical and geobotanical knowledge. The second part of the article will trace the translation of these ideas into the design (process) of the garden suburbs Le Logis and Floréal and will further question the use of a biological approach in urbanism, offering a critical reflection on today’s (lack of) sociopolitical questions in ecological urbanism.

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“自然的进攻”：路易斯·范德斯瓦尔曼的社会生物学理论与实践

摘要 在第一次世界大战期间和之后，比利时景观设计师和规划师 Louis Van der Swaelmen 试图发展景观建筑、城市化和城市化的“社会生物学”理论和实践。在他的著作和设计中，他将生物学方法与社会政治问题结合起来。在本文中，我将重点介绍这种方法的野心和模糊之处。首先，思想史将展示范德斯瓦尔曼的社会生物学理论如何是行为学和景观理论混合的结果。这一轨迹在《公民艺术的初步》一书中达到了顶峰，他在书中创建了一种城市主义理论，该理论基于将城市化作为遵循生物规律的过程的理念，以及一种基于地理和地理植物学知识的城市设计方法。