The main purpose of this research is to investigate the size and the relationship between smuggling and crime indexes such as returned checks, corruption and drinking alcohol in Iran during the period 1984–2015 by using Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. The results showed that among the crime indexes, divorce, drinking alcohol and corruption were positively correlated with smuggling, while another crime index, returned checks had a negative relationship with smuggling. Besides, all socio-economic cause variables on smuggling, including tariffs, misery index, illiteracy, gap of exchange rate, economic openness index and the size of government were found to increase smuggling. Furthermore, the findings showed that the cause variables on smuggling, including liquidity and energy consumption were positively correlated with smuggling.

中文翻译：

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腐败和犯罪对走私的影响：来自伊朗的证据

这项研究的主要目的是使用多指标多原因（MIMIC）模型和最大似然估计，调查1984-2015年期间伊朗走私与犯罪指标（例如退回支票，腐败和饮酒）的规模及其之间的关系（MLE）方法。结果显示，在犯罪指标中，离婚，饮酒和腐败与走私呈正相关，而另一个犯罪指标中，退还支票与走私呈负相关。此外，发现走私的所有社会经济原因变量，包括关税，苦难指数，文盲，汇率差距，经济开放度指数和政府规模，都增加了走私。此外，调查结果显示，走私的原因变量包括