In the last ten years, the world has witnessed much debate on new forms of the global phenomena of fundamentalism and extremism. It is clear that many view Muslims as “the other” or outsider and vice-versa; an attitude of “us and them”, “our community and their community”. The concept of a ‘clash of civilisations’ has become part of our everyday vocabulary. The objective of this article is namely to develop the theory of Aman (peaceful co-existence and mutual respect) as a Muslim contribution to normative considerations in international relations theory. It is found that the main four components of this theory are: the methodology of Tadafu’ (counteraction), the concept of Adil (justice), the principle of not excluding others, and the constructive argumentation methodology. The theory has been tested and implemented by examining, in particular, Umar Assurance of Aman and the negotiations between Salah al-Din and King Richard I ‘the Lionheart’ of England over Islamicjerusalem in 1191. It is hoped that this theory could help place Muslim contributions in the epitome of global discourse of international relations theory, set the scene to advance the current research on the Muslim contributions to international relations theory including peace study and conflict resolution, and open up and promote intellectual and academic debate and understanding of this Muslim contributions to shed light on new lines of explanation. Although Islamicjerusalem is the most delicate issue of dispute between the current two conflicting parties, it is hoped that this theory will provide a better understanding for the world leaders who are trying to return peace to the region.

中文翻译：

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穆斯林对国际关系理论的贡献：阿曼（和平共处和相互尊重）理论

在过去的十年中，世界目睹了关于原教旨主义和极端主义的全球现象新形式的辩论。显然，许多人认为穆斯林是“另一方”，或者是外来者，反之亦然。“我们和他们”，“我们的社区和他们的社区”的态度。“文明冲突”的概念已成为我们日常词汇的一部分。本文的目的是发展阿曼理论（和平共处和相互尊重），作为穆斯林对国际关系理论中规范性考虑的贡献。发现该理论的主要四个组成部分是：“ Tadafu”（反作用）的方法论，“ Adil”（正义）的概念，“不排斥他人”的原理以及建设性的论证方法论。该理论已通过检验，尤其是通过检验和实施，乌玛尔（Umar）对阿曼（Aman）的保证，以及萨拉赫丁（Salah al-Din）和英国国王理查德一世（Richard I）的“狮心”（Lionheart）之间就伊斯兰耶鲁撒勒姆进行的谈判。希望这一理论有助于将穆斯林的贡献置于国际关系理论全球论述的缩影中现场推动当前对穆斯林对国际关系理论的贡献的研究，包括和平研究和解决冲突，并开放和促进知识分子和学术界对这一穆斯林贡献的辩论和理解，以阐明新的解释途径。尽管回教回教是当前两个冲突方之间最微妙的争端问题，但希望这一理论将为试图将和平带回该地区的世界领导人提供更好的理解。