The search for high performance is one of the leading themes in management science with a number of frameworks developed over the decades. The purpose of the paper is to investigate if the effect of high performance organization (HPO) characteristics has a direct effect on actual organizational performance or if the effect is mediated by organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Previous research states that the framework of HPO characteristics answers the question of ‘what’ high performers do, but does not answer the question of ‘how’ they do it, suggesting a mediating effect. The study attempts to establish which of the pair of OCB and EO (if any) has a stronger mediating effect. The hypotheses were tested using a cross-sectional research design with a random and representative sample of 406 enterprises. The research was carried out using the technique of personal interview (CAPI). Established scales were used to measure high performance indicators, organizational citizenship behavior, entrepreneurial orientation, and organizational performance. The conceptual framework with mediated effects was tested using a structural equations modeling approach. Research results indicate that there is a strong direct positive relationship between high performance indicators and organizational effectiveness. Moreover, there is a strong positive effect of high performance indicators on entrepreneurial orientation and organizational citizenship behavior. However, the effect of those two constructs on organizational effectiveness is rather weak, and, in the case of OCB, negative. That leads to the conclusion that the direct effect of high performance indicators is stronger, although the positive mediation by entrepreneurial orientation is statistically significant. The study contributes to the scientific debate in at least three ways. First, it confirms that high performance characteristics have a strong effect on actual performance. Second, it points to entrepreneurial orientation as a partial mediator in that relationship. Finally, it uncovers the very strong effect of high performance characteristics on organizational citizenship behavior. The research results also allow one to formulate practical recommendations. They mainly consider enhancing OCB, EO, and performance by skillful use of high performance factors. The study is novel in its approach to use OCB and entrepreneurial orientation as mediators in the effect of high performance characteristics on organizational performance, as no such attempts were made in the past.

中文翻译：

---

高性能的奥秘-通过企业家取向和组织公民行为进行调解

寻求高性能是管理科学领域的主要主题之一，几十年来已开发出许多框架。本文的目的是调查高绩效组织（HPO）特征的影响是否对实际组织绩效有直接影响，或者该影响是否由组织公民行为（OCB）和企业家取向（EO）介导。先前的研究表明，HPO特性的框架回答了“高性能”人员“做什么”的问题，但没有回答“他们如何做到”的问题，表明存在中介作用。该研究试图确定OCB和EO对（如果有的话）中具有较强的介导作用。假设是使用横断面研究设计对406家企业的具有代表性的随机样本进行检验的。该研究是使用个人访谈技术（CAPI）进行的。既定的量表用于衡量绩效指标，组织公民行为，创业取向和组织绩效。使用结构方程建模方法测试了具有中介作用的概念框架。研究结果表明，高性能指标与组织有效性之间存在很强的直接正相关关系。此外，绩效指标对创业导向和组织公民行为有很强的积极作用。但是，这两种构造对组织有效性的影响相当微弱，对于OCB而言，是负面的。得出的结论是，尽管企业家取向的积极调解在统计上是显着的，但高性能指标的直接作用更强。该研究至少以三种方式促进了科学辩论。首先，它确定了高性能特性对实际性能有很大的影响。其次，它指出企业家取向是这种关系中的部分调解人。最后，它揭示了高性能特征对组织公民行为的非常强烈的影响。研究结果也使人们可以提出实用的建议。他们主要考虑通过熟练使用高性能因子来增强OCB，EO和性能。