Until 2014 the problem of migration was discussed primarily in the context of free movement of people and the asylum policies of selected countries. Since 2014 the European Union (EU) has been facing one of the deepest political and social crises, namely the migration crisis. The stance adopted on this issue by individual Member States has demonstrated great divergence between countries in terms of their understanding of the notion of “solidarity”. In 2015 alone, over a million migrants arrived in the EU, creating an urgent need to develop adequate solutions and mechanisms that would help to manage this influx and prevent its negative effects. The need for tight cooperation and support for the countries affected must lead to the development of a long-term strategy for the future. The article introduces selected theoretical issues that may be applied in describing the current situation in migration crisis. The article offers a brief overview of the steps undertaken on the European level in response to the migration crisis and analyses their effectiveness. At the same time the author discusses the reaction of Member States, taking into consideration the fundamental principles of solidarity, openness to new countries or the global role of the EU. The article emphasises the economic implications of the crisis and its impact on the political dimension of the EU in the future. The article is based on a literature review and analysis of documents published by European institutions and distinguished research centres. A substantial section of the article is devoted to Member States’ obligations stemming directly from EU primary legislation. This article is founded upon the belief that, at the European level, the right measures have been proposed to resolve the ongoing crisis. The lack of understanding of the fundamental principles governing the European integration process has resulted in the current difficulties. The negative reaction of different countries to the migration crisis in the EU is likely to lead to new scenarios in the integration process. A highly probable consequence is the transformation of the EU into “the EU of two speeds”. This may pose a serious threat to the catching-up countries, as they may become only supporting actors of the European integration process. The discussion between EU Member States with respect to fulfilling the resettlement obligation is entirely unjustified, as the legal mandate of the European Commission stems directly from the Treaties.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.11.18958

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欧洲移民危机–经济和政治因素以及对未来的挑战

在2014年之前，主要在人员自由流动和选定国家的庇护政策的背景下讨论移民问题。自2014年以来，欧盟（EU）一直面临着最深刻的政治和社会危机之一，即移民危机。个别会员国在此问题上采取的立场在理解“团结”概念方面显示出各国之间的巨大分歧。仅在2015年，就有超过一百万的移民到达欧盟，因此迫切需要开发适当的解决方案和机制，以帮助管理这一潮并防止其负面影响。对受影响国家的紧密合作与支持的需求必须导致制定未来的长期战略。本文介绍了一些可用于描述移民危机现状的理论问题。本文简要概述了欧洲为应对移民危机而采取的步骤，并分析了其有效性。同时，作者讨论了成员国的反应，同时考虑了团结，对新国家开放或欧盟的全球作用的基本原则。本文强调了这场危机的经济影响及其对未来欧盟政治层面的影响。本文基于对欧洲机构和著名研究中心发布的文献的文献综述和分析。该条款的很大一部分专门讨论了直接源自欧盟主要立法的成员国义务。本文基于这样的信念，即在欧洲范围内，已经提出了解决当前危机的正确措施。缺乏对欧洲一体化进程基本原则的理解，导致当前的困难。不同国家对欧盟移民危机的负面反应可能会导致一体化进程中出现新的情况。一个极有可能的结果是欧盟转变为“两个速度的欧盟”。这可能会对追赶国家构成严重威胁，因为它们可能仅成为欧洲一体化进程的支持者。